DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Acetic acid fermentation properties and antioxidant activity of lemongrass vinegar

레몬그라스 식초의 초산발효 특성과 항산화 활성

  • Yi, Mi-Ran (Biotechnology Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kang, Chang-Hee (Biotechnology Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University) ;
  • Bu, Hee-Jung (Biotechnology Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University)
  • 이미란 (제주대학교 생명과학기술혁신센터) ;
  • 강창희 (제주대학교 생명과학기술혁신센터) ;
  • 부희정 (제주대학교 생명과학기술혁신센터)
  • Received : 2017.08.07
  • Accepted : 2017.08.24
  • Published : 2017.08.30

Abstract

This study investigated acetic acid fermentation properties and antioxidant activity of vinegar by addition of lemon grass to develop high quality vinegar by using lemongreass. Traditional brown rice wine contained 5% lemongrass powder and had an alcohol content of 7.2%. The wine was fermented by Acetobacter. sp. RIC-V and made into lemongrass vinegar (LV). The pH and total acidity of the LV were 3.13% and 7.21%, respectively. Fructose was detected whereas glucose, sucrose, and maltose were not detected. Among organic acids, acetic acid was highest at 3658.6 mg%; trace amounts of lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and oxalic aicd were detected. Of the 17 free amino acids, glutamic acid, histidine, alanine, and proline were mainly detected. To conduct total polyphenol content and ABTS radical scavenging activity, 3% and 5% lemongrass powder (P3LV, P5LV) and 1%, 2%, and 3% of lemongrass extract (E1LV, E2LV, E3LV) were added to LV, respectively. Total phenolics increased as the added lemongrass powder and extract increased. Total phenolics were 490.9, 559.4, and $895.7{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalents/mL in brown rice vinegar, LV, P5LV. ABTS radical scavenging activities were 43.2%, 58.0%, and 91.0% in brown rice vinegar, LV, P5LV, respectively. These results show that lemongrass vinegar has considerable potential as a high quality functional vinegar with antioxidative effects.

본 연구는 제주도에서 재배된 레몬그라스를 활용한 식초의 초산발효 특성과 품질특성 그리고 항산활 활성을 알아보았다. 레몬그라스를 고두밥대비 5% 첨가한 현미주정을 제조한 결과 알코올 함량이 7.2%였다. 여기에 초산균인 Acetobacter sp. RIC-V 종초를 10% 가하여 초산발효하여 레몬그라스 식초를 제조하였다. 초산발효 결과 pH가 3.62에서 3.13으로 낮아졌으며, 총산도는 1.43%에서 7.21%로 증가하였다. 레몬그라스 식초의 유리당 분석결과 fructose가 0.81 g/100 g으로 나타났고, glucose, sucrose, maltose는 검출되지 않았다. 유기산 분석결과는 acetic acid가 3,658.58 mg%로 가장 높았으며, citric acid, lactic acid가 각각 214.66 mg%, 159.44 mg%로 나타났고, malic aicd, tartaric acid, oxalic acid 모두 소량 함유한 것으로 분석되었다. 유리아미노산 분석결과 glutamic acid가 0.233 g/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였고, histidine, alanine, proline, aspartic acid이 각각 0.129 g/100 g, 0.113 g/100 g, 0.103 g/100 g, 0.069 g/100 g으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량 분석 결과는 레몬그라스 식초와 레몬그라스 무첨가 식초가 각각 $568.6{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$, $490.9{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$이며, 레몬그라스 식초에 레몬그라스 분말과 추출물의 첨가량이 높을수록 높아져 레몬그라스 분말 5% 첨가군이 $895.7{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$로 가장 높았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 레몬그라스 식초와 레몬그라스 무첨가 식초 2.5%농도에서 각각 58.0 43.2%로 분석되었으며, 이 또한 레몬그라스 분말과 추출물의 첨가량이 높을수록 높아져 레몬그라스 분말 5% 첨가군이 91.0%로 가장 높은 저해율을 보였다. 결과 레몬그라스 식초는 총산도 7.21로 높고, 유기산, 아미노산 함량이 우수하며, 항산화 활성이 우수한 것으로 나타나 고품질의 기능성 식초로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Mo HW, Jung YH, Jeong JS, Choi KH, Choi SW, Park CS, Choi MA, Kim ML, Kim MS (2013) Quality characteristics of vinegar fermented using omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 42, 441-449 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.3.441
  2. Joo KH, Cho MH, Park KJ, Jeong SW, Lim JH (2009) Effects of fermentation method and brown rice content on quality characteristics of brown rice vinegar. Korean J Food Preserv, 16, 33-39
  3. Ko YJ, Jeong DY, Lee JO, Park MH, Kim EJ, Kim JW, Kim YS, Ryu CH (2007) The establishment of optimum fermentation conditions for Prunus mume vinegar and its quality evaluation. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 36, 361-365 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.3.361
  4. Jang SY, Sin KA, Jeong YJ (2010) Quality characteristics of apple vinegar by agitated and static cultures. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 39, 308-312 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.2.308
  5. Jo DJ, Park EJ, Yeo SH, Jeong YJ, Kwon JH (2013) Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of commercial vinegars with high acidity. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 42, 1204-1210 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.8.1204
  6. Hong KP (2015) Inhibitory effects of fatty acids, polyphenols and organic acids on the glucoamylase activity. MS Thesis, Korea University, Korea, p 1-38
  7. Xu Q, Tao W, Ao Z (2007) Antioxidant activity of vinegar melanoidins. Food Chem, 102, 841-849 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.013
  8. Budak NH, Aykin E, Seydim AC, Greene AK, Guzel-Seydim ZB (2014) Functional properties of vinegar. J Food Sci, 79, 757-764 https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12434
  9. Krotz F, Sohn HY, Pohl U (2004) Reactive oxygen species : players in the platelet game. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, 1988-1996 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000145574.90840.7d
  10. Morrell CN (2017) Reactive oxygen species : finding the right balance. Circ Res, 103, 571-572
  11. Yi MR, Kang CH, Bu HJ (2017) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from kohlrabi (Brassica Oleracea var. Gonglodes). J Korean Oil Chemists' Soc, 34, 189-202
  12. Jeong EJ, Park HJ, Cha YJ (2016) Fermented production of onion vinegar and its biological activities. Korean J Food Nutr, 29, 962-970 https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.6.962
  13. Hwang JY, Cho HY, Pyo YH (2016) Effect of unpolished rice vinegar containing monascus-fermented soybean on inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and elastase. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 45, 149-154 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.1.149
  14. Cho KM, Hwang CE, Joo OS (2017) Change of physicochemical properties, phytochemical contents and biological activities during the vinegar fermentation of Elaeagnus multiflora fruit. Korean J Food Preserv, 24, 125-133 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.1.125
  15. Chae IG, Kim HJ, Yu MH, Kim HI, Lee IS (2010) Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of commercially available herbs in korean markets. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 39, 141-1417
  16. Ju T, Oh HS, Kim MJ, Kang ST (2016) Quality characteristics of sponge cake with lemon grass powder. Korean J Food Sci Technol, 48, 347-353 https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2016.48.4.347
  17. Velluti A, Sanchis V, Ramos AJ, Egido J, Marin S (2003) Inhibitory effect of cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, oregano and palmarose essential oils on growth and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium proliferatum in maize grain. Int J Food Microbiol, 89, 145-154 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00116-8
  18. Tzortzakis NG, Economakis CD (2007) Antifungal activity of lemongrass (Cympopogon citratus L.) essential oil against key postharvest pathogens. Innovative Food Sci Emerging Technol, 8, 253-258 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2007.01.002
  19. Lee JW, Kim GJ, Rho KA, Chung KH, Yoon JA, An JH (2015) Quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of muffins containing lemongrass powder. Korean J Food Nutr, 28, 794-801 https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2015.28.5.794
  20. Choi SK (2013) Quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of herb vinegar prepared with puffed rice and lemon balm. MS Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Korea, p 1-91
  21. Yi MR, Hwang JH, Oh YS, Oh HJ, Lim SB (2014) Quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of immature Citrus unshiu vinegar. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 43, 250-257 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.2.250
  22. Zhang Q, Zhang J, Shen J, Silva A, Dennis DA, Barrow CJ (2006) A simple 96-well microplate method for estimation of total polyphenol content in seaweeds. J Appl Phycol, 18, 445-450 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-006-9048-4
  23. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med, 26, 1231-1237 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  24. Sim HJ, Seo WT, Choi MH, Kim GW, Shin JH, Kang MJ (2016) Quality characteristics of vinegar added with different levels of black garlic. Korean J Food Cook Sci, 32, 16-26 https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.1.16
  25. Choi MH, Sim HJ, Kim GH, Kang MJ, Seo WT, Shin JH (2016) The Quality characteristics of vinegar prepared with different forms of black garlic. J Agric Life Sci, 50, 179-190
  26. Park YO (2016) Quality characteristics of fermented vinnegars using pear. Korean J Food Preserv, 23, 778-787
  27. Kang SG, Jang MJ, Kim YD (2006) Isolation and culture conditions of Acetobacter sp. for the prodution of citron (Citrus junos) vinegar. Korean J Food Preserv, 13, 357-362
  28. Hong SM, Kang MJ, Lee JH, Jeong JH, Kwon SH, Seo KI (2012) Production of vinegar using Rubus coreanus and its antioxidant activities. Korean J Food Preserv, 19, 594-603 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2012.19.4.594
  29. Ko YJ, Ryu CH (2016) Optimum fermentation condition of apple vinegar added with korean rice wine lees extracts. J Agric Life Sci, 50, 193-200
  30. Sung NH, Woo SM, Kwon JH, Yeo SH, Jeong YJ (2014) Quality characteristics of high acidty apple vinegar manufactured using two stage fermentation. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 43, 877-883 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.6.877
  31. Shin JS, Lee OS, Jeong YJ (2002) Changes in the components of onion vinegars by two stages fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol, 34, 1079-1084
  32. Lee SW, Kwon JH, Yoon SR, Woo SM, Yeo SH, Jeong YJ (2011) Quality characteristics of brown rice vinegar prepared using varying amounts of Nuruk (anamylolytic enzyme preparation) and employing different fermentation conditions. Korean J Food Preserv, 18, 26-32 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2011.18.1.026
  33. Seerama NP, Adams LS, Henning SM, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Nair MG, Hebera D (2005) In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. J Nutr Biochem, 16, 360-367 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.006
  34. Cheel J, TheodulozC, Rodriguez J, Schmeda-Hirschmann G (2005) Free radical scavengers and antioxidants from lemongrass (Cnmbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.). J Agric Food Chen, 53, 2511-2517 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0479766
  35. Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G (1997) Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends Plant Sci, 2, 639-738

Cited by

  1. 으뜸도라지 식초의 저장기간별 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성 vol.31, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2018.31.4.549
  2. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity on sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) adding vinegar vol.26, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2019.26.2.211
  3. Antioxidant Activities and Quality Characteristics of Sulgidduck with Added Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Powder vol.31, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2021.2.31.1.72