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Assessment of Physiological Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungi with Insecticidal Activity Against Locusts

풀무치에 대하여 살충활성을 보유한 곤충병원성 진균의 생리활성 평가

  • Lee, Mi Rong (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong Cheol (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Se Jin (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Sihyeon (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Seok Ju (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Park, So Eun (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Wang Hyu (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jae Su (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University)
  • 이미롱 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과) ;
  • 김종철 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과) ;
  • 이세진 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과) ;
  • 김시현 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과) ;
  • 이석주 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과) ;
  • 박소은 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과) ;
  • 이왕휴 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과) ;
  • 김재수 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생물학과)
  • Received : 2017.06.23
  • Accepted : 2017.08.23
  • Published : 2017.09.01

Abstract

Locusts, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are periodical unpredictable agricultural pests worldwide and cause serious damage to crop production; however, little consideration has been given to the management of this pest. Herein, we constructed a locust-pathogenic fungal library and confirmed that some fungi could be used as resources for locust management. First, the entomopathogenic fungi were collected from sampled soils using a Tenebrio molitor-based baiting system. For the locust assay, a locust colony was obtained from the National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology. A total of 34 entomopathogenic fungal granules, which were produced by solid cultures, were placed in the plastic insect-rearing boxes (2 g/box) and nymphs of locust were contained in the box. In 3-7 days, mycosis was observed on the membranous cuticles of the head, abdomen, and legs of locusts. In particular, Metarhizium anisopliae, M. lepidiotae, and Clonostachys rogersoniana exhibited high virulence against the locust. Given that the 34 isolates could be used in field applications, their conidial production and stability (thermotolerance) were further characterized. In the thermotolerance assay, Paecilomyces and Purpureocillium isolates had higher thermotolerance than the other isolates. Most of the fungal isolates produced ca. >$1{\times}10^8conidia/g$ on millet grain medium. In a greenhouse trial, the granular application of M. anisopliae isolate on the soil surface resulted in 85.7% control efficacy. This work suggests that entomopathogenic fungi in a granular form can be effectively used to control the migratory locust.

풀무치 (Locusta migratoria) (Orthoptrea: Acridiade)는 전 세계적으로 작물 생산에 심각한 문제를 야기하는 돌발 해충이다. 그러나 우리나라의 경우 풀무치를 방제하기 위한 방제제 및 적용에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 풀무치에 병원성을 갖는 풀무치병원성 진균 라이브러리를 구축하였으며, 풀무치 방제에 이용 가능한 생물학적 방제제로서의 가능성을 평가 하였다. 먼저 갈색거저리 유충-baiting 시스템을 이용하여 다양한 지역에서 채집된 토양에서 곤충병원성 진균을 발굴 하였다. 풀무치 병원성 검정을 진행하기 위하여 국립 농업 과학원에서 풀무치를 분양 받았으며, 고체 배양된 곤충병원성 진균을 곤충 사육 상자에 처리하여 (2 g/box), 풀무치 약충 (3-4령충)에 대한 곤충병원성 진균의 병원성을 평가 하였다. 그 결과 곤충병원성 진균 처리 3-7일차에 풀무치의 머리, 복부, 다리 표면에서 진균이 증식하는 mycosis를 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히, Metarhizium anisopliae, M. lepidiotae, Clonostachys rogersoniana에서 높은 병원성이 나타나는 것이 확인 되었다. 확보된 34개의 풀무치병원성균주의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 열안정성 및 포자생산성을 확인 한 결과, Paecilomyces, Purpureocillium 균주가 다른 균주에 비해 열에 대한 높은 안정성안 나타나는 것을 확인 하였으며, 대부분의 균주에서 $1{\times}10^8conidia/gram$ 이상의 포자수를 생산 하는 것을 확인 하였다. 또한 온실 조건에서 비교적 병원성이 높았던 M. anisopliae 고체 배양된 균주를 토양에 처리하여 병원성을 확인한 결과, 85.7%의 높은 방제효과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 실험을 통하여 풀무치가 이동하면서 토양에 정착된 곤충병원성 진균에 접촉되어 치사 될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 효과적인 풀무치 방제가 가능 할 것이라고 판단된다.

Keywords

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