Korean Chemical Engineering Research

The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (한국화학공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Hazards of Explosion and Ignition of Foods Dust

식료품 분진의 발화 및 폭발 위험성

  • Han, Ou-Sup (Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute, KOSHA)
  • 한우섭 (한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원)
  • Received : 2017.07.11
  • Accepted : 2017.07.28
  • Published : 2017.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Severe dust explosions occurred frequently in food processing industries and explosion damage increase by flame propagation in pipes or plants. However there are few fire explosion data available due to various powder characteristics. We investigated the characteristics of ignition and explosion on sugar, cornstarch and flour dust with high frequency accidents and high social demand. The measurements showed the median diameter of 27.56, 14.76, $138.5{\mu}m$ and ignition temperature has been investigated using by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The maximum explosion pressure ($P_m$) and dust explosion index ($K_{st}$) of sugar, cornstarch and flour are 7.6, 7.6, 6.1 bar and 153, 133, 61 [$m{\cdot}bar/s$], respectively. The flame propagation time in duct was calculated in order to evaluate the damage increase due to flame propagation during dust explosion. The explosion hazard increase due to flame propagation was higher in the order of sugar, flour and cornstarch dust.

식료품 가공 산업에서 분진폭발사고가 자주 발생하고 있으며 배관이나 장치 내의 화염전파에 의한 폭발피해가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 다양한 분체특성으로 인하여 활용 가능한 화재폭발특성자료가 적다는 문제가 있다. 사고발생 빈도가 높고 사회적 수요가 많은 설탕, 옥수수, 밀가루의 발화 위험성과 폭발특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 설탕, 옥수수, 밀가루 분진의 평균입경은 27.56, 14.76, $138.5{\mu}m$로 나타났으며 이러한 분체조건에서 열중량분석(TGA) 및 시차주사열량계(DSC)를 사용하여 발화온도를 조사하였다. 최대폭발압력($P_m$) 및 폭발지수는($K_{st}$) 각각 7.6, 7.6, 6.1 bar 및 153, 133, 61 [$m{\cdot}bar/s$]로서 분진폭발 위험성은 설탕이 가장 높고 밀가루가 가장 작았다. 또한 분진폭발 시의 화염전파로 인한 피해확대 위험성을 평가하기 위하여 분진화염전파의 소요시간을 계산하였으며 화염전파로 인한 폭발피해 위험성은 설탕, 밀가루, 옥수수 분진의 순으로 높았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Zhi, Y., Nima, K., Faisal, K., Paul, A., "Dust Explosions: A Threat to the Process Industries," Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 98, 57-71(2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.06.008
  2. Theimer, O. F., "Cause and Prevention of Dust Explosions in Grain Elevators and Flour milling," Powder Technology, 8(3-4), 137-147(1973). https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(73)80076-2
  3. CSB, "Combustible Dust Hazard Study," U.S. Chemical Safety Board, Washington D.C., (2006).
  4. Giby Joseph, CSB Hazard Investigation Team, "Combustible dusts: A Serious Industrial Hazard," Journal of Hazardous Materials, 142(3), 589-591(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.127
  5. Angela, S. B., "Dust Explosion Incidents and Regulations in the United States," J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 20(4-6), 523-529(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2007.03.012
  6. Paul, B., "Insights into Process Safety Incidents from an Analysis of CSB Investigations," J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 43, 537-548(2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.07.002
  7. Database for Major Industrial Accidents, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (1988-2016).
  8. Alvaro, R., Javier, G.-T. and Pedro, J. A., "Determination of Parameters used to prevent Ignition of Stored Materials and to protect against Explosions in Food Industries," Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168(1), 115-120(2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.013
  9. Proust, C. and Veyssiere, B., "Fundamental Properties of Flames Propagating in Starch Dust-Air Mixtures," Combust Sci Technol., 62(4-6), 149-172(1988). https://doi.org/10.1080/00102208808924007
  10. Proust, C., "A Few Fundamental Aspects about Ignition and Flame Propagation in Dust Clouds," J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 19(2-3), 104-120(2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2005.06.035
  11. Mazurkiewicz, J., Jarosinski, J. and Wolanski, P., "Investigations of Burning Properties of Cornstarch Dust-air Flame," Arch. Combust., 13(3-4), 189-201(1993).
  12. Encinar, J. M., Beltran, F. J., Gonzalez, J. F. and Moreno, M. J., "Pyrolysis of Maize, Sunflower, Grape and Tobacco Residues," J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol, 70(4), 400-410(1997). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199712)70:4<400::AID-JCTB797>3.0.CO;2-6
  13. Wang, S., Pu, Y., Jia, F., Gutkowski, A. and Jarosinski, J., "An Experimental Study on Flame Propagation in Cornstarch Dust Clouds," Combustion Science and Technology, 178(10-11), 1957-1975(2006). https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200600790979
  14. ASTM E537-07, Standard Test Method for the Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning Calorimeter, The American Society for Testing and Materials(2007).
  15. ASTM E1226, Standard Test Method for Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts, The American Society for Testing and Materials(1988).
  16. Han, O. S. and Lee, K. W., "Explosion Characteristics and Flame Velocity of Suspended Plastic Powders," Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 54(3), 367-373(2016). https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2016.54.3.367
  17. Alvaro, R., Javier, G.-T., Alberto, T., "Experimental Determination of Self-heating and Self-ignition risks associated with the Dusts of Agricultural Materials commonly Stored in Silos," Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175(1-3), 920-927(2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.096
  18. Zhang, Q. and Zhang, B., "Effect of Ignition Delay on Explosion Parameters of Corn dust/air in Confined Chamber," J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 33, 23-28(2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2014.11.009
  19. Bartknecht, W., "Dust explosions : Course, Prevention, Protection," Springer-Verlag, 56-80(1989).
  20. Jiri, S., Ales, B., Ales, B., Petr, L., Miroslav, M. and Martin, P., "The Influence of Air Flow on Maximum Explosion Characteristics of Dust-Air Mixtures," J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 26, 209-214(2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2012.11.002
  21. Eckhoff, R. K., "Dust Explosions in the Process Industries-3rd ed.," Gulf professional publishing, 340-341(2003).
  22. Proust, Ch., Accorsi, A. and Dupont, L., "Measuring the Violence of Dust Explosions with the 20 L Sphere and with the Standard ISO $1m^3$ Vessel Systematic Comparison and Analysis of the Discrepancies," J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 20, 599-606(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2007.04.032
  23. Fumagalli, A., Derudi, M., Rota, R. and Copelli, S., "Estimation of the Deflagration Index KSt for Dust Explosions," J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 44, 311-322(2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.09.011