The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea (암석학회지)

The Petrological Society of Korea (한국암석학회)
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Geological History and Landscapes of the Juwangsan National Park, Cheongsong

국립공원 주왕산의 지질과정과 지형경관

  • Hwang, Sang Koo (Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Andong National University) ;
  • Son, Young Woo (Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Andong National University) ;
  • Choi, Jang Oh (Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Andong National University)
  • 황상구 (안동대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 손영우 (안동대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 최장오 (안동대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Received : 2017.08.22
  • Accepted : 2017.09.11
  • Published : 2017.09.30
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Abstract

We investigate the geological history that formed geology and landscapes of the Juwangsan National Park and its surrounding areas. The Juwangsan area is composed of Precambrian gneisses, Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks, Permian to Triassic plutonic rocks, Early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, Late Mesozoic plutonic and volcanic rocks, Cenozoic Tertiary rhyolites and Quaternary taluses. The Precambrian gneisses and Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Ryeongnam massif occurs as xenolithes and roof-pendents in the Permian to Triassic Yeongdeok and Cheongsong plutonic rocks, which were formed as the Songrim orogeny by magmatic intrusions occurring in a subduction environment under the northeastern and western parts of the area before a continental collision between Sino-Korean and South China lands. The Cheongsong plutonic rocks were intruded by the Late Triassic granodiorite, which include to be metamorphosed as an orthogneiss. The granodiorite includes geosites of orbicular structure and mineral spring. During the Cretaceous, the Gyeongsang Basin and Gyeongsang arc were formed by a subduction of the Izanagi plate below East Asia continent in the southeastern Korean Peninsula. The Gyeongsang Basin was developed to separate into Yeongyang and Cheongsong subbasins, in which deposited Dongwach/Hupyeongdong Formation, Gasongdong/Jeomgok Formation, and Dogyedong/Sagok Formation in turn. There was intercalated by the Daejeonsa Basalt in the upper part of Dogyedong Formation in Juwangsan entrance. During the Late Cretaceous 75~77 Ma, the Bunam granitoid stock, which consists of various lithofacies in southwestern part, was made by a plutonism that was mixing to have an injection of mafic magma into felsic magma. During the latest Cretaceous, the volcanic rocks were made by several volcanisms from ubiquitous andesitic and rhyolitic magmas, and stratigraphically consist of Ipbong Andesite derived from Dalsan, Jipum Volcanics from Jipum, Naeyeonsan Tuff from Cheongha, Juwangsan Tuff from Dalsan, Neogudong Formation and Muposan Tuff. Especially the Juwangsan Tuff includes many beautiful cliffs, cayon, caves and falls because of vertical columnar joints by cooling in the dense welding zone. During the Cenozoic Tertiary, rhyolite intrusions formed lacolith, stocks and dykes in many sites. Especially many rhyolite dykes make a radial Cheongsong dyke swarm, of which spherulitic rhyolite dykes have various floral patterns. During the Quaternary, some taluses have been developed down the cliffs of Jungtaesan lacolith and Muposan Tuff.

이 연구는 주왕산국립공원 및 주변에서 지질과 지형경관이 형성되는 지질과정을 엮은 것이다. 주왕산 지역은 선캠브리아누대 편마암류, 고생대 변성퇴적암류, 중생대 트라이아스기 심성암류, 백악기 퇴적암류, 심성암류와 화산암류, 그리고 신생대 제3기 화산암류와 제4기 애추로 구성되어 있다. 영남육괴의 선캠브리아 누대 편마암류와 고생대 변성퇴적암류는 포획체 혹은 현수체로 산출된다. 고생대 페름기부터 중생대 트라이아스기에는 북동부와 서부에 송림조산운동으로 대륙충돌 직전에 섭입환경에서 형성되는 마그마의 관입에 의해 영덕심성암체와 청송심성암체를 형성하였다. 청송심성암체는 후기의 화강섬록암의 관입으로 정편마암으로 변성되어 심성암복합체를 이루었으며, 구상 화강암과 약수탕의 지질명소를 가진다. 중생대 백악기에는 동아시아 대륙 밑으로 이자나기판의 섭입작용에 의해 한반도 남동부에 경상분지와 대륙성 화산호가 만들어졌다. 이 지역에서 영양소분지와 의성소분지가 분리되어 발달하면서 동화치층/후평동층, 가송동층/점곡층, 도계동층/사곡층 순으로 퇴적되었다. 도계동층 상부에는 대전사현무암이 주왕산 입구에 협재되어 있다. 백악기 후엽 75~77 Ma에는 남서부에서 심성작용이 일어나 부남암주를 형성하였다. 이때 규장질 마그마에 고철질 마그마가 혼합함으로 다양한 암상을 만들었다. 그리고 백악기 끝날 무렵(67 Ma)에는 안산암질 및 유문암질 마그마에 의해 여러 곳에서 화산작용이 일어나 주왕산의 몸체를 만들었다. 먼저 달산면으로부터 입봉안산암이 정치되었고, 지품면에서 지품화산암층, 청하면으로부터 내연산응회암, 달산면으로부터 주왕산응회암과 너구동층, 청하면으로부터 무포산응회암 순으로 형성되었다. 특히 주왕산응회암은 치밀용결대에서 냉각에 따른 수직절리에 의해 주상절리, 수많은 암석단애, 협곡, 동굴과 폭포 등의 많은 지질명소를 가진다. 신생대 제3기에는 여러 곳에서 유문암의 관입에 의해 병반, 암주와 암맥을 이룬다. 특히 북부에서 청송암맥군이 방사상으로 관입하고 있으며, 다양한 패턴의 꽃무늬를 갖는 구과상 유문암맥이 가치있는 지질명소를 이룬다. 제4기에는 애추가 중태산 병반과 무포산응회암의 급경사 아래에 형성되어 있다.

Keywords

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