Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Photoprotective effects of topical ginseng leaf extract using Ultraflo L against UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice

  • Hong, Yang Hee (Department of Beauty Art, Suwon Women's University) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Sun (Agency for Korea National Food Cluster) ;
  • Jung, Eun Young (Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University) ;
  • Han, Sung-Hee (Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Park, Yooheon (Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science) ;
  • Suh, Hyung Joo (Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University)
  • Received : 2016.03.17
  • Accepted : 2016.07.25
  • Published : 2017.10.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Abnormal activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays an important role in UV-induced wrinkle formation, which is a major dermatological problem. This formation occurs due to the degeneration of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we investigated the cutaneous photoprotective effects of Ultraflo L treated ginseng leaf (UTGL) in hairless mice. Methods: SKH-1 hairless mice (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into four groups (8 mice/group). UTGL formulation was applied topically to the skin of the mice for 10 weeks. The normal control group received nonvehicle and was not irradiated with UVB. The UV control (UVB) group received nonvehicle and was exposed to gradient-UVB irradiation. The groups (GA) receiving topical application of UTGL formulation were subjected to gradient-UVB irradiation on $0.5mg/cm^2$ [GA-low (GA-L)] and $1.0mg/cm^2$ [(GA-high (GA-H)] of dorsal skin area, respectively. Results: We found that topical treatment with UTGL attenuated UVB-induced epidermal thickness and impairment of skin barrier function. Additionally, UTGL suppressed the expression of MMP-2, -3, and -13 induced by UVB irradiation. Our results show that topical application of UTGL protects the skin against UVB-induced damage in hairless mice and suggest that UTGL can act as a potential agent for preventing and/or treating UVB-induced photoaging. Conclusion: UTGL possesses sunscreen properties and may exhibit photochemoprotective activities inside the skin of mice. Therefore, UTGL could be used as a potential therapeutic agent to protect the skin against UVB-induced photoaging.

Keywords

References

  1. Fisher GJ, Datta SC, Talwar HS, Wang ZQ, Varani J, Kang S, Voorhees JJ. Molecular basis of sun-induced premature skin ageing and retinoid antagonism. Nature 1996;379:335-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/379335a0
  2. Gilchrest BA, Park HY, Eller MS, Yaar M. Mechanisms of ultraviolet light-induced pigmentation. Photochem Photobiol 1996;63:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02988.x
  3. Beissert S, Schwarz T. Mechanisms involved in ultraviolet light-induced immunosuppression. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 1999;4:61-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jidsp.5640183
  4. Afaq F, Adhami VM, Mukhtar H. Photochemoprevention of ultraviolet B signaling and photocarcinogenesis. Mutat Res-Fundam Mol Mech Mutag 2005;571:153-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.07.019
  5. Sternlicht MD, Werb Z. How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2001;17:463-516. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.463
  6. Kahari VM, SaarialhoKere U. Matrix metalloproteinases in skin. Exp Dermatol 1997;6:199-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00164.x
  7. Rittie L, Fisher GJ. UV-light-induced signal cascades and skin aging. Ageing Res Rev 2002;1:705-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-1637(02)00024-7
  8. Inomata S, Matsunaga Y, Amano S, Takada K, Kobayashi K, Tsunenaga M, Nishiyama T, Kohno Y, Fukuda M. Possible involvement of gelatinases in basement membrane damage and wrinkle formation in chronically ultraviolet B-exposed hairless mouse. J Investig Dermatol 2003;120:128-34. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12021.x
  9. Cho K, Woo HJ, Lee IS, Lee JW, Cho YC, Lee IN, Chae HJ. Optimization of enzymatic pretreatment for the production of fermented ginseng using leaves, stems and roots of ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:68-75. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2010.34.1.068
  10. Wu J, Zhong JJ. Production of ginseng and its bioactive components in plant cell culture: current technological and applied aspects. J Biotechnol 1999;68:89-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(98)00195-3
  11. Keum YS, Park KK, Lee JM, Chun KS, Park JH, Lee SK, Kwon H, Surh YJ. Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng. Cancer Lett 2000;150:41-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00369-9
  12. Chang LK, Whitaker DC. The impact of herbal medicines on dermatologic surgery. Dermatol Surg 2001;27:759-63.
  13. Choi S. Epidermis proliferative effect of the Panax ginseng Ginsenoside Rb2. Arch Pharmacal Res 2002;25:71-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975265
  14. Xie JT, Mehendale SR, Wang A, Han AH, Wu JA, Osinski J, Yuan CS. American ginseng leaf: ginsenoside analysis and hypoglycemic activity. Pharmacol Res 2004;49:113-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2003.07.015
  15. Wang HC, Chen CR, Chang CJ. Carbon dioxide extraction of ginseng root hair oil and ginsenosides. Food Chem 2001;72:505-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00259-4
  16. Li YL, Sato M, Kojima N, Miura M, Senoo H. Regulatory role of extracellular matrix components in expression of matrix metalloproteinases in cultured hepatic stellate cells. Cell Struct Funct 1999;24:255-61. https://doi.org/10.1247/csf.24.255
  17. Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M, Kawahira K, Sakanaka M. Effects of ginseng saponins isolated from red ginseng roots on burn wound healing in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2006;148:860-70.
  18. Kim YG, Sumiyoshi M, Sakanaka M, Kimura Y. Effects of ginseng saponins isolated from red ginseng on ultraviolet B-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;602:148-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.021
  19. Lee HS, Lee HJ, Cho HJ, Park SS, Kim JM, Suh HJ. Cosmetic potential of enzymatic treated ginseng leaf. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:227-36. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.3.227
  20. Dixon RA, Paiva NL. Stress-Induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 1995;7:1085-97. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.7.7.1085
  21. Lou DW, Saito Y, Jinno K. Solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of important bioactive ginsenosides in pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographia 2005;62:349-54. https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-005-0640-6
  22. Lee HJ, Kim JS, Song MS, Seo HS, Moon C, Kim JC, Jo SK, Jang JS, Kim SH. Photoprotective effect of red ginseng against ultraviolet radiation-induced chronic skin damage in the hairless mouse. Phytother Res 2009;23:399-403. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2640
  23. Tsukahara K, Takema Y, Moriwaki S, Tsuji N, Suzuki Y, Fujimura T, Imokawa G. Selective inhibition of skin fibroblast elastase elicits a concentration-dependent prevention of ultraviolet B-Induced wrinkle formation. J Investig Dermatol 2001;117:671-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01450.x
  24. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using realtime quantitative PCR and the $2-{\Delta}{\Delta}CT $ method. Methods 2001;25:402-8. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262
  25. Shi W, Wang YT, Li J, Zhang HQ, Ding L. Investigation of ginsenosides in different parts and ages of Panax ginseng. Food Chem 2007;102:664-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.053
  26. Lee HJ, Lee HS, Cho HJ, Kim SY, Suh HJ. Utilization of hydrolytic enzymes for the extraction of ginsenosides from Korean ginseng leaves. Process Biochem 2012;47:538-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2011.12.004
  27. Kambayashi H, Odake Y, Takada K, Funasaka Y, Ichihashi M. Involvement of changes in stratum corneum keratin in wrinkle formation by chronic ultraviolet irradiation in hairless mice. Exp Dermatol 2003;12(Suppl 2):22-7. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.12.s2.4.x
  28. Draelos ZD. The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2007;6:2-6.
  29. Kligman LH. The ultraviolet-irradiated hairless mouse: a model for photoaging. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:623-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(89)70229-2
  30. Philips N, Auler S, Hugo R, Gonzalez S. Beneficial regulation of matrix metalloproteinases for skin health. Enzyme Res 2011;2011:427285.
  31. Yan C, Boyd DD. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2007;211:19-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.20948
  32. Hasty KA, Pourmotabbed TF, Goldberg GI, Thompson JP, Spinella DG, Stevens RM, Mainardi CL. Human neutrophil collagenase. A distinct gene product with homology to other matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem 1990;265:11421-4.
  33. Shingleton WD, Hodges DJ, Brick P, Cawston TE. Collagenase: A key enzyme in collagen turnover. Biochem Cell Biol 1996;74:759-75. https://doi.org/10.1139/o96-083
  34. Fisher GJ, Wang ZQ, Datta SC, Varani J, Kang S, Voorhees JJ. Pathophysiology of premature skin aging induced by ultraviolet light. New Engl J Med 1997;337:1419-28. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199711133372003

Cited by

  1. Comparison of the efficacy of herbal mouth rinse with commercially available mouth rinses: A clinical trial vol.22, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_303_18
  2. Oxidative Stress-Protective and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Loliolide and Ethanol Extract from Fresh Water Green Algae, Prasiola japonica vol.19, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092825
  3. Current Status of Research on Ginseng Cosmetics vol.16, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2018.0249
  4. Anti-Wrinkling and Anti-Melanogenic Effect of Pradosia mutisii Methanol Extract vol.20, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051043
  5. Oral administration of Jumihaidokuto inhibits UVB-induced skin damage and prostaglandin E2 production in HR-1 hairless mice vol.75, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-020-01465-y
  6. Saireito Improves Lymphatic Function and Prevents UVB-Induced Acute Inflammation and Photodamage in HR-1 Hairless Mice vol.2021, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3707058