Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Korean Red Ginseng extract induces angiogenesis through activation of glucocorticoid receptor

  • Sung, Wai-Nam (Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University) ;
  • Kwok, Hoi-Hin (Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University) ;
  • Rhee, Man-Hee (Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yue, Patrick Ying-Kit (Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University) ;
  • Wong, Ricky Ngok-Shun (Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University)
  • Received : 2016.05.24
  • Accepted : 2016.08.08
  • Published : 2017.10.15
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Abstract

Background: Our previous studies have demonstrated that ginsenoside-Rg1 can promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Furthermore, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling has shown that Rg1 can modulate the expression of a subset of miRNAs to induce angiogenesis. Moreover, Rb1 was shown to be antiangiogenic through activation of a different pathway. These studies highlight the important functions of miRNAs on ginseng-regulated physiological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the angiogenic properties of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KGE). Methods and Results: Combining in vitro and in vivo data, KGE at $500{\mu}g/mL$ was found to induce angiogenesis. According to the miRNA sequencing, 484 differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be affected by KGE. Among them, angiogenic-related miRNAs; miR-15b, -23a, -214, and -377 were suppressed by KGE. Meanwhile, their corresponding angiogenic proteins were stimulated, including vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and MET transmembrane tyrosine kinase. The miRNAs-regulated signaling pathways of KGE were then found by Cignal 45-Pathway Reporter Array, proving that KGE could activate GR. Conclusion: KGE was found capable of inducing angiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro models through activating GR. This study provides a valuable insight into the angiogenic mechanisms depicted by KGE in relation to specific miRNAs.

Keywords

References

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