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Validation of a Paper and Pencil Test Battery for the Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Korea

  • Jeong, Jae Yoon (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jun, Dae Won (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Bai, Daiseg (Division of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ji Yean (Division of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University Hospital) ;
  • Sohn, Joo Hyun (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ahn, Sang Bong (Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Sang Gyune (Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Tae Yeob (Institute of Medical Science, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kim, Hyoung Su (Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital) ;
  • Jeong, Soung Won (Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital) ;
  • Cho, Yong Kyun (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Do Seon (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Kim, Hee Yeon (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Jung, Young Kul (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital) ;
  • Yoon, Eileen L. (Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2017.02.18
  • 심사 : 2017.06.03
  • 발행 : 2017.09.10

초록

The aim of this study was to validate a new paper and pencil test battery to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in Korea. A new paper and pencil test battery was composed of number connection test-A (NCT-A), number connection test-B (NCT-B), digit span test (DST), and symbol digit modality test (SDMT). The norm of the new test was based on 315 healthy individuals between the ages of 20 and 70 years old. Another 63 healthy subjects (n = 31) and cirrhosis patients (n = 32) were included as a validation cohort. All participants completed the new paper and pencil test, a critical flicker frequency (CFF) test and computerized cognitive function test (visual continuous performance test [CPT]). The scores on the NCT-A and NCT-B increased but those of DST and SDMT decreased according to age. Twelve of the cirrhotic patients (37.5%) were diagnosed with MHE based on the new paper and pencil test battery. The total score of the paper and pencil test battery showed good positive correlation with the CFF (r = 0.551, P < 0.001) and computerized cognitive function test. Also, this score was lower in patients with MHE compared to those without MHE (P < 0.001). Scores on the CFF (32.0 vs. 28.7 Hz, P = 0.028) and the computer base cognitive test decreased significantly in patients with MHE compared to those without MHE. Test-retest reliability was comparable. In conclusion, the new paper and pencil test battery including NCT-A, NCT-B, DST, and SDMT showed good correlation with neuropsychological tests. This new paper and pencil test battery could help to discriminate patients with impaired cognitive function in cirrhosis (registered at Clinical Research Information Service [CRIS], https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris, KCT0000955).

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver

참고문헌

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  1. Validation of the Korean Stroop Test in Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy vol.9, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44503-w
  2. Brief Review of the Revised Korean Association for the Study of the Liver Clinical Practice Guidelines for Liver Cirrhosis: Varices, Hepatic Encephalopathy and Related Complications vol.74, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2019.74.5.274
  3. Chinese guidelines on management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis vol.25, pp.36, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5403
  4. Feasibility of a novice electronic psychometric assessment system for cognitively impaired vol.16, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2040828.414
  5. Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population vol.16, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257136