Journal of the Geological Society of Korea (지질학회지)

The Geological Society of Korea (대한지질학회)
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Deformation features and history of the Yangsan Fault Zone in the Eonyang-Gyeongju area, SE Korea

언양-경주 일원의 양산단층대 변형구조와 진화사

  • Cheon, Youngbeom (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Ha, Sangmin (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Seongjun (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Cho, Hyeongseong (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Son, Moon (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University)
  • 천영범 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 하상민 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 이성준 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 조형성 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 손문 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과)
  • Received : 2017.01.31
  • Accepted : 2017.02.28
  • Published : 2017.02.28
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Abstract

This study focuses on the internal structures and multi-stage deformation history of the Yangsan Fault Zone based on the newly exposed outcrops in Gyeongju-Eonyang area during the widening construction of Seoul-Busan highway. The fault zone is divided into fault core/mixed and damage zones of several tens of meters and of a few hundred meters in width, respectively. The fault rocks, juxtaposed along the NNE-striking fault, are derived from the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks (dark gray shale, purple mudstone, white sandstone) and andesitic rocks, each of which shows different deformation pattern. Bedding attitudes of the sedimentary rocks within the fault zone tend to be more parallel to the attitude of main fault surface close to the fault core, and interlayer shearing of them was developed as several centimeters to a few meters-thick clay-rich gouge zones, which anastomose and link up with each other. They also contain lenses of fractured sandstone protoliths. The size of breccia derived from the sedimentary rocks alludes that laminated and fine-grained sedimentary rocks are more easily crushed rather than massive and coarse-grained sedimentary rocks. Whereas andesitic rock-derived fault core is characterized by cataclasitic rocks as well as individual, narrow localized faults (<2 cm-thick). Slickenline, S-C fabric, Z-shaped protolith, clockwise rotation of particle, en-echelon fold with NW-trending axis, and magnetic fabric on gouge zone consistently suggest that the dextral strike-slip faulting overwhelmingly overprinted preexisting sinistral deformations such as NW-striking conjugate normal faults. We compare the deformation features and their relative chronologies in this study with those of previous studies, and elucidate two main events of the Yangsan Fault; (1) sinistral strike-slip faulting during the Late Cretaceous under NW-SE compression, and then (2) dextral strike-slip faulting between ca. 43 and 25 Ma under NE-SW compression, although relatively weak deformations along the Yangsan Fault with different senses might occur after or between the events.

최근 경부고속도로 경주-언양 구간의 도로확장공사로 인해 새롭게 노출된 양산단층대의 주요 노두들을 바탕으로 단층대의 내부 구조와 다중변형사를 해석하였다. 노출된 양산단층대는 수십 m 폭으로 발달하는 단층핵/혼합대 그리고 수백 m 폭의 단층손상대로 구분된다. 단층핵 내에 북북동 방향으로 병치되어 분포하는 단층암은 백악기 퇴적암류(암회색 셰일, 자색 이암, 회백색 미사암) 기원과 안산암질 화산암류 기원으로 구분되며, 이들은 뚜렷한 변형의 차이를 보인다. 단층대 내의 퇴적암은 주 단층면에 가까워질수록 단층면의 자세와 거의 평행하게 고각으로 경동되는 경향을 보이며, 경동된 층간을 따라 전단이 집중되어 형성된 수 cm에서 수 m 폭의 단층비지대가 확인된다. 이들은 서로 연결되면서 망상으로 발달하여 렌즈상으로 남아있는 사암을 에워싸기도 한다. 이러한 단층암의 입자 또는 암편의 크기는 엽층이 발달하는 세립질 퇴적암이 괴상의 조립질 퇴적암에 비해 기계적으로 쉽게 파쇄됨을 암시한다. 한편, 단층핵 내의 안산암류는 수 cm에서 수십 cm 직경의 단층각력 형태로 분포하며, 2 cm 이내 두께의 좁은 비지대를 가지는 단층들에 의해 절단되어 있다. 단층조선, S-C 조직, 평면에서 Z-형태 단층암의 분포, 입자들의 시계방향 회전, 북서 방향 축을 가지는 안행상 습곡 그리고 단층비지의 자기미세구조는 양산단층의 우수향 주향이동운동이 이전에 발생한 좌수향 주향이동운동에 의한 변형(북서 방향 공액상 정단층군)을 압도하였음을 지시한다. 이번 연구에서 확인된 변형양상과 이들의 선후관계 그리고 양산단층계 일원의 기존 연구들을 종합하면, 양산단층은 백악기말 북서-남동 압축환경 하에서 좌수향 주향이동운동을 겪었으며, 이후 43~25 Ma의 북동-남서 압축환경 하에서 광역적인 우수향 주향이동운동을 겪었던 것으로 추정된다. 또한 이러한 지구조적 사건의 사이 또는 이후에도 응력환경의 변화에 의해 비교적 작은 규모의 변형이 단층대를 따라 남겨져 있는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단

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