Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers (대한전기학회)
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AC Breakdown Voltage and Viscosity of Palm Fatty Acid Ester (PFAE) Oil-based Nanofluids

  • Mohamad, Mohd Safwan (Research Laboratory of High Voltage Engineering, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka) ;
  • Zainuddin, Hidayat (Research Laboratory of High Voltage Engineering, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka) ;
  • Ab Ghani, Sharin (Research Laboratory of High Voltage Engineering, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka) ;
  • Chairul, Imran Sutan (Research Laboratory of High Voltage Engineering, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka)
  • Received : 2016.06.21
  • Accepted : 2017.06.16
  • Published : 2017.11.01
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Abstract

Mineral oils are commonly used as transformer insulation oils but these oils are obtained from non-renewable and non-sustainable sources, which is highly undesirable. For this reason, natural ester oils are now being used in replacement of mineral oils because of their good biodegradability, high cooling stability, good oxidation stability and excellent insulation performance. Nanotechnology has gained prominence in both academic and industrial fields over the years and it has been shown in previous studies that nanoscale materials are useful for transformers due to their favourable dielectric properties. The objective of this study is to compare the AC breakdown voltage and viscosity of natural ester oil with three types of nanofluids. The natural ester oil-based nanofluids are prepared by mixing palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) oil with three types of nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.01 g/l: (1) $Fe_3O_4$ conductive nanoparticles, (2) $TiO_2$ semi-conductive nanoparticles and (3) $Al_2O_3$ insulating nanoparticles. The AC breakdown voltage of the oil samples is analysed using Weibull statistical analysis and the results reveal that the PFAE oil-based $Fe_3O_4$ nanofluid gives exceptional dielectric performance compared to other oil samples, whereby the AC breakdown voltage increases by 43%. It can be concluded that the PFAE oil-based $Fe_3O_4$ nanofluid is a promising dielectric liquid to substitute mineral oils.

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