DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Overview of Flow Diagnosis in a Shock Tunnel

  • Kim, Ikhyun (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Sungmin (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Park, Gisu (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Jong Kook (The 1st Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development)
  • Received : 2017.06.12
  • Accepted : 2017.08.05
  • Published : 2017.09.30

Abstract

In this work, an overview of flow diagnosis in a shock tunnel is made by means of using established techniques that are easy to setup, economical to arrange, and simple to measure. One flow condition was considered having Mach number of 6 at the nozzle-exit, regarded as freestream. Measured aerothermodynamic data such as shock wave speed, wall static and total pressures, surface heat flux, and shock stand-off distance ahead of test model showed good agreement with calculation. This study shows an overall procedure of flow diagnosis in a shock tunnel in a single manuscript. Outcomes are thought to be useful in the field of education and also in a preliminary stage of high-speed vehicle design and tests, that need to be performed within a short time with decent accuracy.

Keywords

References

  1. Sharma, S. P. and Park, C., "Survey of Simulation and Diagnostic Techniques for Hypersonic Nonequilibrium Flows", Journal of Thermophyics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1990, pp. 129-142. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.155
  2. Park, C., "Laboratory Simulation of Aerothermodynamic Phenomena: A Review", AIAA 92-4025, 1992.
  3. Bertin, J. J. and Cummings, R. M., "Critical Hypersonic Areothermodynamic Phenomena", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 38, 2006, pp. 129-157. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092041
  4. Anderson, J. D., Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics, McGraw-hill, New York, 1989.
  5. Lu, F. K. and Marren, D. E., Advanced Hypersonic Test Facilities, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, AIAA, Reston, VA, Vol. 198, 2002.
  6. Lu, F. K. and Wilsont, D. R., "Survey of Short Duration, Hypersonic and Hypervelocity Failities", AIAA 94-2491, 1994.
  7. Bertin, J. J., Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics, AIAA Education Series, Washington, DC, 1994.
  8. Brun, R., "Shock Tubes and Shock Tunnels : Design and Experiments", RTO-ENAVT-162, 2009.
  9. Martin, W., "A Review of Shock Tubes and Shock Tunnels", CONVAIR Report No. ZR 658- 050, San Diego, CA, 1958.
  10. Park, G., Hruschka, R., Gai, S. L. and Neely, A. J., "Flow Establishment Behind Blunt Bodies at Hypersonic Speeds in a Shock Tunnel", Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7126, 2008, Paper 71260I.
  11. Mallinson, S. G., Gai, S. L. and Mudford, N. R., "An Experimental Investigation of Hypervelocity Flow in a Conical Nozzle", Applied Scientific Research, Vol. 57, No. 1, 1996, pp. 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02528765
  12. Chang, W. K., Park, G., Jin, Y. and Byun, J., "Shock Impinging Effect on Ethylene Flameholding", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 32, No. 5, 2016, pp. 1230-1239. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B36007
  13. McGilvray, M., Jacobs, P. A., Morgan, R. G., Gollan, R. J. and Jacobs, C. M., "Helmholtz Resonance of Pitot Pressure Measurements in Impulsive Hypersonic Test Facilities", AIAA Journal, Vol. 47, No. 10, 2009, pp. 2430-2439. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.42543
  14. Park, G., Gai, S. L. and Neely, A. J., "Laminar Near Wake of a Circular Cylinder at Hypersonic Speeds", AIAA Journal, Vol. 48, No. 1, 2010, pp. 236-248. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.44167
  15. Chadwick, K. M., "Stagnation Heat Transfer Measurement Techniques in Hypersonic Shock Tunnel Flows over Spherical Segments", AIAA Paper 1997-2493, 1997.
  16. Irimpan, K. J., Mannil, N., Arya, H. and Menezes, V., "Performance Evaluation of Coaxial Thermocouple Against Platinum Thin Film Gauge for Heat Flux Measurement in Shock Tunnel", Measurement, Vol. 61, 2015, pp. 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.10.056
  17. Desikan, S. L. N., Suresh, K., Srinivasan, K. and Raveendran, P. G., "Fast Response Co-axial Thermocouple for Short Duration Impulse Facilities", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 96, 2016, pp. 48-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.074
  18. Menezes, V. and Bhat, S., "A Coaxial Thermocouple for Shock Tunnel Applications", Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, No. 10, 2010.
  19. Tanno, H., Komuro, T., Lillard, R. P. and Olejniczak, J., "Experimental Study of High-Enthalpy Heat Flux Augmentation in Shock Tunnels", Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 29, No. 4, 2015, pp. 858-862. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.T4478
  20. Hashimoto, T., Komuro, T., Sato, K. and Itoh, K., "Experimental Investigation of Shock Stand-Off Distance on Spheres in Hypersonic Nozzle Flows", In: 26th International Symposium on Shock Waves, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 2007.
  21. Zander, F., Gollan, R. J., Jacobs, P. A. and Morgan, R. G., "Hypervelocity Shock Standoff on Spheres in Air", Shock Waves, Vol. 24, 2014, pp. 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-013-0488-x
  22. Kumar, C. S. and Reddy, K. P. J., "Experiments in Hand-Operated, Hypersonic Shock Tunnel Facility", Shock Waves, Vol. 26, 2016, pp. 845-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-015-0608-x
  23. Satheesh, K., Jagadeesh, G. and Reddy, K. P. J., "High Speed Schlieren Facility for Visualization of Flow Fields in Hypersonic Shock Tunnels", Current Science, Vol. 92, No. 1, 2007, pp. 56-60.
  24. Nakakita, K., Osafune, T. and Asai, K., "Global Heat Transfer Measurement in a Hypersonic Shock Tunnel Using Temperature-Sensitive", AIAA 2003-0743, 2003.
  25. Park, G., Byun, J., Choi, H., Jin, Y., Park, C. and Hwang, K., "High Speed Propulsion System Test Research Using a Shock Tunnel", Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2014, pp. 43-53. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2014.18.5.043
  26. Wang, Q., Li, J. W., Lu, P., Li, J. P., Zhao, W. and Jiang, Z. L., "Pressure and Heat Flux Calibration of the Long-Test- Duration Hypervelocity Detonation-Driven Shock Tunnel", AIAA 2017-2155, 2017.
  27. Miller, V. A., Gamba, M., Mungal, M. G. and Hanson, R. K., "Secondary Diaphragm Thickness Effects and Improved Pressure Measurements in an Expansion Tube", AIAA Journal, Vol. 52, No. 2, 2014, pp. 451-456. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J052767
  28. Engblom,W. A., Goldstein, D. B., Ladoon, D. and Schneider, S. P., "Fluid Dynamics of Hypersonic Forward- Facing Cavity Flow", Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1997, pp. 437-444. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3255
  29. Caldwell, F. R., Thermocouple Materials, In: Herzfeld C. W. Applied Methods of Instruments; Temperature: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry, Reinhold, New York, 1962.
  30. Schultz, D. L., and Jones, T. V., "Heat Transfer Measurements in Short- Duration Hypersonic Facilities", AGARD No 165, France, 1973.
  31. Park, G., "Hypervelocity Aerothemodynamics of Blunt Bodies Including Real Gas Effects", Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia, 2010.
  32. Cheung, T. M., Schrijer, F. F. J. and Park, G., "Nitrogen Catalytic Recombination on Copper Oxide in Tertiary Gas Mixtures", Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 53, No. 4, 2016, pp. 644-653. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A33512
  33. Fay, J. A. and Riddell, F. R., "Theory of Stagnation Point Heat Transfer in Dissociated Air", Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 2, 1958, pp. 73-85. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.7517
  34. Holden, M. S., "Studies of Potential Fluid-Mechanical Mechanisms for Enhanced Stagnation-Region Heating", AIAA Paper 85-1002, 1985.
  35. Olivier, H., "Influence of the Vorticity Gradient on the Stagnation Point Heating in Hypersonic Flow", Shock Waves, Vol. 5, 1995, pp. 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01419002
  36. Zovy, E. V. and Sullivan, E. M., "Effects of Corner Radius on Stagnation-Point Velocity Gradients on Blunt Axisymmetric Bodies", NASA TM X-106, 1965.
  37. Zovy, E. V., "Emperical Stagnation-Point Heat- Transfer Relation in Several Gas Mixtures at High Enthalpy Levels", NASA TN D-4799, 1968.
  38. Gordon, S. and McBride, B. J., "Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications. Part 1: Analysis", NASA RP-1311, 1994.
  39. Lobb, R., "Experimental Measurement of Shock Detachment Distance on Spheres Fired in Air at Hypervelocities", In: Nelson WC (ed) The High Temperature Aspects of Hypersonic Flow, Pergamon, New York, pp. 519-527.
  40. Nonaka, S., Mizuno, H., Takayama, K. and Park, C., "Measurement of Shock Standoff Distance for Sphere in Ballistic Range", Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2000, pp. 225-229. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.6512
  41. Billig, F. S., "Shock-Wave Shapes Around Sphericaland Cylindrical-Nosed Bodies", Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 4, No. 6, 1967, pp. 822-823. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28969
  42. Serbin, H., "Supersonic Flow Around Blunt Bodies", Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1958, pp. 58-59.
  43. Ambrosio, A. and Wortman, A., "Stagnation-Point Shock-Detachment Distance for Flow Around Spheres and Cylinders in Air", Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 29, pp. 875.
  44. Gas dynamics calculator, "Http://silver.neep.wisc. Edu/-shock/tools/gdcalc.htm", Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory (WiSTL), retrieved on July 25, 2016.
  45. Staff, A. R., "Equations, Tables, and Charts for Compressible Flow", NACA TR-1135, 1953.
  46. Liepmann, H. W. and Roshko, A., Elements of Gas Dynamics, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1957.