DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Antioxidant Activities and Neuroprotective Effects of Hot Water Extracts from Torreyae Semen

비자 열수 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 뇌신경세포 보호효과 연구

  • Received : 2017.08.30
  • Accepted : 2017.11.15
  • Published : 2017.11.30

Abstract

Objectives : This study was designed to estimate the antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of Torreyae Semen hot water extracts (TS). Methods : Torreyae Semen was extracted by hot water for 2 hours with a temperature of 105 degrees. Polyphenols and total flavonoid were measured and LC-MS/MS was used to certificate anticipated antioxidative compounds. The antioxidant activities of TS were measured as scavenging effects of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Nitrite Oxides (NO). Cell viability and proliferation rate was measured MTT assay. The toxicities to thymocytes and splenocytes were evaluated by the proliferation rate of primary cultured cells of 7 weeks, male Balb/c mice. The antioxidant activities of TS on C6 mouse glioma cells were measured by the analysis of total glutathione contents variation. The neuroprotective effects against oxidative stresses were measured by MTT assay. Results : Polyphenols of TS was $92.00{\pm}1.24{\mu}g/mg$, and total flavonoids was $0.36{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mg$. TS includes gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. TS included gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate. TS showed DPPH and NO scavenging effects as dose-dependent manner at the concentrations of $0-10mg/m{\ell}$. In MTT assay, TS shows no significant toxicity to C6 cells, primary cultured thymocytes and splenocytes of Balb/c mice. TS increased the level of total glutathiones. TS increased cell viabilities of C6 cells against oxidative stresses such as $H_2O_2$, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), Rotenone at the concentrations of $0-0.063mg/m{\ell}$. Conclusions : TS shows the antioxidant and neuroprotecitive effects in these experiments.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Food and Drug Administration. The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia IV. Korea Food and Drug Administration. 2012 : 165.
  2. Herbology Editorial Committee of Korean Medicine Schools. Herbology. Seoul : Younglimsa. 2011 : 381-2, 423-4.
  3. Jeon HS. The Components and Physiological activities of the Torreya nucifera. Graduate School Daegu Haany University Master's thesis. 2008 ; 1-87.
  4. Jeon HS, Lee YS, Kim NW. The Antioxidative Activities of Torreya nucifera Seed Extracts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2009 : 38(1) : 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.1.001
  5. Calogero EC, Giovanni M, Rosario V, Venerando R, Salvatore SS, Margherita F, Mario Z, Alessandra N, Metals and neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic review. Environmental Research. 2017 ; 159 : 82-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.048
  6. Vijay KR, Andrew JS, Pathways to neurodegeneration: mechanistic insights from GWAS in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and related disorders. Am J Neurodegener Dis. 2013 ; 2(3) : 148-149.
  7. Folin O, Denis W. A colorimetric method for determination of phenols(phenol cerivatives) in urine. J Biol Chem. 1915 ; 22 : 305-8.
  8. Moreno MIN, Isla MIN, Sampietro AR. Vattuone MA. Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several region of Argentina. J Enthropharmacology. 2000 ; 71: 109-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-0
  9. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958 ; 181 : 1199-200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  10. Kato H, Lee IE, Chuyen NV, Kim SB, Hayase F. Inhibition of nitrosamine formation by nondialyzable melanoidins. Agric Biol Chem. 1987 ; 51 : 1333-8.
  11. Wysocki LJ, Sato VL. Planning for lymphocytes; A method for cell selection. Proc Nat1 Acad Sci. 1978 ; 75(6) : 2844-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.75.6.2844
  12. Mizel SB, Rosenstreich DL. Regulation of lymphocyteactivating factor (LAF) production and secretion in P388D1 cells ; identification of high molecular weight precursors of LAF. J Immunol Methods. 1979 ; 122(6) : 2173-9.
  13. Liu RH. Potential synergy of phytochemicals in cancer prevention : mechanism of action. J. Nutr. 2004 : 3479-85.
  14. Manach C, Williamson G, Morand C, Scalbert A, Remesy C. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 ; 81 : 230-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.1.230S
  15. Dewick PM. Medicinal natural products. Chichester : Wiley & Sons. 2002 ; 149-51.
  16. Lee YJ. Isolation and analysis of dietary polyphenols from various plant sources. Graduate School Chosun University Master's thesis. 2015 : 4-5.
  17. Pompella A, Visvikis A, Paolicchi A, DeTata V, Casini AF. The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 ; 66(8) : 1499-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00504-5
  18. Thais P, Maria BM, Alcir LD, Marcelo F, Joao BTR, Cristina WN, Gilson Z, Jovino SF, Rodrigo BL, Jeferson LF. Antioxidant effects of diphenyl diselenide against sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced lipid peroxidation in human platelets and erythrocyte membrains ; An in vitro evaluation. Chemico- Biological Interactions. 2006 ; 164 : 126-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2006.09.002
  19. Molina-Jimenez MF, Sanchez-Reus MI, Andres D, Cascales M, Benedi J. Neuroprotective effect of fraxetin and myricetin against rotenone-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res. 2004 ; 1009(1-2) : 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.065
  20. Roh SS, Seo BI, Kim JJ, Park JH. A philological study on poisoning of Torreyae Semen. JAOM. 2013;13(1):21-4.