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Investigation of Heavy Metal Safety for Exporting Rice to China

중국 수출용 쌀의 중금속 안전성 조사

  • Park, Sang-Won (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Gyeong-Jin (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Yoon, Ji-Hyun (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Beom (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Buung (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Geun-Hyoung (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Ro, Jin-Ho (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Dan-Bi (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Moon, Byeong-Chul (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Uk-Han (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Hoon (Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA)
  • 박상원 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 김경진 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 윤지현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 이상범 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 최부웅 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 최근형 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 노진호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 김단비 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 문병철 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 김욱한 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • Received : 2017.10.23
  • Accepted : 2017.12.26
  • Published : 2017.12.31

Abstract

Objective of this study was to investigate the residual levels of heavy metals in rice contract farming complex for exporting to China. Paddy soil, irrigation water and rice grain were taken from 20 fie1ds located in Icheon city, Cheorwon-gun, Cheongju city, Seocheon-gun, Gunsan city and Haenamgun. The elements of samples were analyzed using ion chromatography, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS after acid digestion. The arsenic (As) contents of paddy soil were ranged from 2.9 to 18.2 mg/kg, which were lower than 25 mg/kg as concern level of environmental pollution in Korea. Cadmium (Cd) was below the limit of quantitation (0.006 mg/kg) in all samples. The highest contents of copper (Cu) was detected to be 25.6 mg/kg in Seocheon-gun sample, but it was below 1/10 fold of the threshold levels 250 mg/kg for soil pollution. Also, the average contents of nikel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and hexavalent chrome ($Cr^{6+}$) were found to be lower than the criterion of soil pollution concern, and it was considered to be safe. The residual levels of arsenic in agricultural waters were relatively high, up to 24.3 ug/L in river water, but was detected as 1~2 ug/L level in the ground water. These levels are lower than the water quality standard, 0.05 mg/kg of agricultural water. The concentrations of mercury (Hg) and total chromium (Cr) in the white rice and brown rice were less than the limit of quantitation, and the levels of cadmium in the range of 0.004 to 0.068 mg/kg were less than safety criteria 0.2 mg/kg in Korea and China. In addition, the contents of lead (Pb) in white rice ranged from 0.002 to 0.136 mg/kg, which was safe to be 0.2 mg/kg for Korean white rice and 0.2 mg/kg for China brown rice. As a whole, the residual levels of heavy metals such as arsenic in rice was safely maintained as 1/10 to 1/20 of the residual limits of Korea and China. In conclusion, the heavy metals levels should not be worried in rice contract farming complex for exporting to China.

2016년에 대중국 쌀 수출길이 열리면서 낮은 인지도 및 고가격 대비 차별성을 극복하기 위해서 고품질 쌀 생산 및 가공 기술과 더불어 안전성 확보는 필수요소가 되었다. 중국의 식품안전법에 근거로 한 새로운 식품중오염물한량(食品中汚染物限量)(GB2762-2012, 2013.6.1.)에 규정된 중금속 안전관리 기준에 맞는 쌀생산을 위하여 6개 시군(철원, 이천, 청주, 서천, 군산, 해남)의 중국 수출용 쌀 생산단지에서 농경지 토양, 농업용수 및 생산된 쌀을 채취하여 중금속을 분석하였다. 수출용 쌀 생산단지 토양의 비소 함량은 2.9~18.2 mg/kg 범위로 검출되어 환경오염 우려수준인 25 mg/kg 이하였으며, 카드뮴은 모든 시료에서 정량한계수준인 0.006 mg/kg 이하로 검출되지 않았다. 구리는 충남 서천 지역에서 최고 25.6 mg/kg이 검출되었으나 토양오염 우려기준 250 mg/kg의 약 1/10수준으로 안전하였다. 그리고 니켈, 납, 아연, 6가크롬 등 분석한 8종의 중금속이 토양오염우려기준 보다 낮게 검출되어 안전한 수준임이 확인되었다. 농업용수 중 비소의 잔류량은 하천수에서 최고 $24.3{\mu}g/L$으로 상대적으로 많은 양이 검출되었으나, 지하수는 대부분 $1{\sim}2{\mu}g/L$ 수준으로 검출되어 농업용수의 수질기준(0.05 mg/kg)을 초과하지 않았다. 백미와 현미에 대하여 중금속 5종을 분석한 결과 수은과 크롬은 정량한계 미만이었으며, 카드뮴은 0.004~0.068 mg/kg이 검출되어 한국과 중국의 잔류허용기준인 0.2 mg/kg 이하였다. 또한 백미 중 납은 0.002~0.136 mg/kg 범위로 우리나라의 백미 기준 0.2 mg/kg, 중국 현미 기준 0.2 mg/kg 이하로 안전하였다. 전반적으로 쌀 중 비소 등 5종의 중금속 잔류량은 한국과 중국의 잔류허용기준의 1/10~1/20 수준으로 안전하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 국립농업과학원