Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration (지구물리와물리탐사)

Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists (한국지구물리·물리탐사학회)
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Comparison of Parallel Computation Performances for 3D Wave Propagation Modeling using a Xeon Phi x200 Processor

제온 파이 x200 프로세서를 이용한 3차원 음향 파동 전파 모델링 병렬 연산 성능 비교

  • Lee, Jongwoo (Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Ha, Wansoo (Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University)
  • 이종우 (부경대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 하완수 (부경대학교 에너지자원공학과)
  • Received : 2018.07.31
  • Accepted : 2018.09.11
  • Published : 2018.11.30
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Abstract

In this study, we simulated 3D wave propagation modeling using a Xeon Phi x200 processor and compared the parallel computation performance with that using a Xeon CPU. Unlike the 1st generation Xeon Phi coprocessor codenamed Knights Corner, the 2nd generation x200 Xeon Phi processor requires no additional communication between the internal memory and the main memory since it can run an operating system directly. The Xeon Phi x200 processor can run large-scale computation independently, with the large main memory and the high-bandwidth memory. For comparison of parallel computation, we performed the modeling using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) and OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) libraries. Numerical examples using the SEG/EAGE salt model demonstrated that we can achieve 2.69 to 3.24 times faster modeling performance using the Xeon Phi with a large number of computational cores and high-bandwidth memory compared to that using the 12-core CPU.

본 연구에서는 제온 파이 x200 프로세서를 이용하여 3차원 파동 전파 모델링을 수행하고 기존의 제온 CPU를 사용한 경우와 병렬 연산 성능을 비교하였다. 제온 파이 1세대 프로세서인 제온 파이 나이츠 코너 보조프로세서와 달리 제온 파이 2세대 프로세서인 x200 프로세서는 직접 운영체제 실행이 가능하므로 내장 메모리와 주메모리 사이의 추가적인 통신이 필요 없다. 또한 제온 파이 x200 프로세서는 대용량 주메모리와 고대역폭 메모리를 이용하여 대규모 컴퓨팅을 독립적으로 실행할 수 있다. 병렬 연산 성능 비교를 위해 MPI (Message Passing Interface)와 OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing)를 이용해 모델링을 수행하였다. SEG/EAGE 암염돔 모델을 이용한 수치 실험 결과 제온 파이에서 다량의 연산 코어와 고대역폭 메모리를 이용해 12 코어 CPU 대비 2.69 ~ 3.24배 우수한 모델링 성능을 얻을 수 있었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Block diagram of a tile (Jeffers et al., 2016, used with permission).

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Fig. 2. Block diagram showing overview of Xeon Phi x200 Architecture (Jeffers et al., 2016, used with permission).

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Fig. 3. A time-domain modeling algorithm.

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Fig. 4. Parallelization using MPI processes (left) and OpenMP threads (right). Each number of star shows the rank of a process who performs a shot simulation. Each number on a grid shows the ID of a thread who calculates the wavefield on each grid block.

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Fig. 5. Speed-ups using OpenMP with respect to the calculation times using one CPU core.

Table 1. Comparison of calculation times depending on the number of OpenMP threads, precision and order of FDM (s).

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Table 2. Calculation times without high bandwidth memory on the Xeon Phi processor.

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Table 3. Calculation times using both MPI and OpenMP.

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