DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fabrication and characteristics of NTC thermistor for low temperature sintering

저온 소결용 NTC 서미스터의 제조 및 특성

  • Koo, Bon Keup (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University)
  • 구본급 (한밭대학교 공과대학 신소재공학과)
  • Received : 2017.11.21
  • Accepted : 2017.12.08
  • Published : 2018.02.28

Abstract

In order to study the NTC thermistor that can be fired at low temperature, the influence of the lead free glass frit and $RuO_2$ addition on the electrical properties of the NTC thermistor of $Mn_{1.85}Ni_{0.25}Co_{0.9}O_4$ basic composition was studied. The sintering characteristics of the specimen sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ with 10 wt% frit added to the basic NTC composition were similar to those of the specimen sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ without frit. However, as the amount of frit increased, the electrical resistivity and B constant were increased. In order to reduce the resistance, NTC thermistor was prepared by adding 0, 2, and 5 wt% of $RuO_2$ to the composition containing 10 wt% of frit and sintered at $1000{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$, and sintering and electrical properties were measured. The electrical resistivity and the B constant tended to decrease with increasing $RuO_2$ content. However, the resistivity was the lowest at sintering temperature of $1000^{\circ}C$ and the resistance increased with increasing sintering temperature after 5 wt% $RuO_2$ addition. The NTC thermistor sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ with 10 wt% frit and 5 wt% $RuO_2$ in the composition of NTC showed similar electrical properties and sintering characteristics when sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ without added frit.

저온에서 소성이 가능한 NTC 서미스터의 제조를 위해 $Mn_{1.85}Ni_{0.25}Co_{0.9}O_4$ 기본 조성의 NTC 서미스터의 전기적 특성에 미치는 무연계 프릿트(frit)와 $RuO_2$ 첨가의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 기본 NTC 조성에 프릿트를 10 wt% 첨가하여 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 시편의 소결특성이 프릿트를 첨가하지 않고 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 시편과 유사하였다. 그러나 프릿트의 첨가량이 증가할수록 전기저항과 B 정수는 높게 나타났다. 저항을 낮추기 위해 프릿트를 10 wt% 첨가한 조성에 $RuO_2$를 0, 2, 5 wt% 첨가하여 $1000{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$에서 소결하여 NTC 서미스터를 제조 한 후 소결 및 전기적 특성을 측정하였다. $RuO_2$ 첨가량이 많을수록 전기저항과 B 정수는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나, $RuO_2$를 5 wt% 첨가하여 $1000^{\circ}C$의 소결온도에서 소결한 소결체가 저항이 가장 낮았고 이후 소결온도 증가에 따라 저항은 오히려 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 기본 NTC 조성에 10 wt%의 프릿트와 5 wt%의 $RuO_2$를 첨가하여 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 NTC 서미스터가 프릿트를 첨가하지 않은 기본 조성의 NTC를 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 경우와 소결특성과 전기적 특성이 유사하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. F. Al-Turjman, A. Radwan, S. Mumtaz and J. Rodriguez, "Mobile traffic modelling for wireless multimedia sensor networks in IoT", Computer Comm. 112 (2017) 109.
  2. J. Yuan, J. Zhang, S. Ding and X. Dong, "Cooperative localization for disconnected sensor networks and a mobile robot in friendly environments", Information Fusion 37 (2017) 22.
  3. T.G. Nenov and S.P. Yordanov, "Ceramic sensors : Technology and applications", CRC Press (1996) p. 1.
  4. H. Takuoki, K. Takayuki and M. Yoshihiro, "New thermistor materials", National Technical Report (1982) p. 1123.
  5. T.G. Nenov and S.P. Yordanov, "Ceramic sensors : Technology and applications", CRC Press (1996) p. 296.
  6. E. Elbadraoui, J.I. Baudour, B. Gillot, S. Fritsch and A. Rousset, "Cation distribution and mechanism of electrical conduction in Nikel-copper manganite spinels", Solid State Ion. 93 (1997) 219.
  7. J.I. Leem T.W. Kim, J.Y. Shin and J.H. Ryu, "Preparation and characterization of Mn-Co-Ni NTC thermistor", J. Korean Cryst. Growth Cryst. Technol. 25 (2015) 80.
  8. S. Jagtap, S. Rane, S. Gosavi and D. Amalnerkar, "Preparation, characterization and electrical properties of spinel-type environment frindly thick film NTC thermistors", J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 28 (2008) 2501.
  9. S. Jagtap, S. Rane, S. Gosavi and D. Amalnerkar, "Study of microstructure, impedance and dc electrical properties of $RuO_2$-spinel based screen printed 'green' NTC thermistor", Curr. Appl. Phys. 10 (2010) 1156.
  10. S. Jagtap, S. Rane and S. Gosavi, "Synthesis, characterization and fabrication of NTC thick film thermistor using lead free glass frit", J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 6 (2016) 301.
  11. M. Hrovat, D. Belavic, J. Kita, J. Hole, J. Cilensek and S. Drnovsek, "Thick film NTC thermistor and LTCC materials: The dependence of the electrical and microstructure characteristics on the firing temperature", J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 29 (2009) 3265.
  12. B.K. Koo, "Effect of lead free glass frit compositions on properties of Ag system conductor and $RuO_2$ based resistor pastes" J. Korean Electr. Electron. Mater. Eng. 24 (2011) 200.
  13. W. Vogel, "Chemistry of Glass", Am. Ceram. Soc. Inc. Columbus, (1979) p. 298.
  14. M.N. Muralidharan, P.R. Rohini, E.K. Sunny, K.R. Dayas and A. Seema, "Effect of Cu and Fe addition on electrical properties of Ni-Mn-Co-O NTC thermistor composition", Ceramics International 38 (2012) 6481.
  15. P.J. Holmes and R.G. Loasby, "Handbook of thick film technology" (Electrochemical Pub. Limited 1976) p. 97.
  16. R.W. Vest, "Materials science and thick film technology", J. Am. Ceram. Bull. 65 (1986) 631.
  17. K. Bobran, A. Kusy, A. Witold and G. Wilczynski, "Conduction in $RuO_2$-based thick film", International J. Electronics 78 (1996) 113.
  18. B.K. Koo and H.G. Kim, "Microstructure and electrical properties of $RuO_2$ system thick film resistors", J. Kor. Ceram. Soc. 27 (1990) 337.
  19. B.K. Koo, "Effect of lead free glass frit compositions on properties of Ag system conductor and $RuO_2$ based resistor paste", J. Korean Electr. Electron. Mater. Eng. 24 (2011) 200.
  20. W.D. Ryden and A.W. Lawson, "Temperature dependence of the resitivity of $RuO_2$ and $IrO_2$", Phys. Letters 26A (1968) 209.
  21. R.G. Johnston, "Oxides containing ruthenium in nuclear waste disposal", Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University (1980).
  22. F. Garisto, "Thermodynamic behaviour of ruthenium at high temperatures" (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Pinawa, 1988) p. 4.