Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
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Analysis of pneumatic braking component effects and characteristics of a diesel electric locomotive

디젤전기기관차의 공압제동 영향인자 및 특성 분석

  • Received : 2018.08.30
  • Accepted : 2018.11.02
  • Published : 2018.11.30
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Abstract

This paper deals with the braking dynamic behavior of diesel electric locomotive pulling domestic cargo and passenger vehicles. Friction coefficient, pneumatic pressure, and running resistance affecting the braking system were tested. For the friction coefficient, the Dynamo test was performed with reference to UIC 541-4. The results are analyzed by multivariate regression and the relationship between braking force and ititial velocity is presented. The pneumatic pressure were classified into service braking and emergency braking. In order to reflect the characteristics of the brake valve and piping, the pressure rising over time was measured in the vehicle. In order to reflect the external force acting on the vehicle, we carried out the test of EN 14067-4 and presented the second order polynomial formula on a running resistance. The running resistance test results were compared with other countries. The dynamic behavior of a diesel electric locomotive running on a straight flat track based on vehicle resources, friction coefficient, braking pressure, and running resistance is simulated using the time integration presented in EN 14531-1. The simulation results were compared and verified with the vehicle braking test results. The results of this study can be used to analyze the dynamic braking behavior of a train. Also, it is expected that various parameters affecting braking in vehicle design can be analyzed and used as basic data for braking performance improvement.

본 연구에서는 국내 화물 및 여객차량들을 견인하는 디젤전기 기관차의 제동에 따른 동적 거동을 분석하기 위하여 제동장치에 영향을 미치는 마찰계수, 제동압력, 주행저항 등을 시험하였다. 마찰계수는 UIC 541-4를 참고로 Dynamo 시험을 수행하였으며 시험결과는 다변량 회귀분석을 통해 제동하중, 제동초기 속도와의 관계를 분석하여 제시하였다. 제동압력은 상용제동과 비상제동으로 구분하였으며, 제동밸브와 배관의 특성을 반영하기 위하여 시간에 따른 제동압력 변화를 대상 차량에서 측정하였다. 차량에 작용하는 외력을 반영하기 위하여 EN 14067-4의 타행시험을 수행하고 2차 다항식 형태의 주행저항을 제시하였다. 도출한 주행저항을 동일 차종에 대하여 각 국가별로 사용하고 있는 주행저항들과 비교하였다. 차량의 재원, 마찰계수, 제동압력, 주행저항을 바탕으로 직선 평탄 선로를 주행하는 디젤전기기관차의 동적 거동을 EN 14531-1에서 제시된 시간적분을 이용하여 해석하였다. 해석 결과는 상용제동과 비상제동에 대하여 각각 차량의 속도이력 시험결과와 비교 검증하였으며 상당히 합리적인 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과들은 철도차량들을 연결하여 운행하는 열차의 동적 거동해석에 활용할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 차량 설계에서 제동에 영향을 미치는 다양한 파라미터들을 분석하고 성능향상의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Train formulaiton of (a) single power unit train and (b) multiple power train

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Fig. 2. Locomotive pneumatic brake system

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Fig. 3. Dynamo test bench

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Fig. 4. UIC 541-4 test schematic diagram

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Fig. 5. Instantaneous friction coefficient relation

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Fig. 6. Friction coefficient with 30 kN, initial velocity 165 km/h

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Fig. 7. Dynamo test results (mean friction coefficient)

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Fig. 8. Multivariate regression analysis results

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Fig. 9. Typical brake cylinder pressure rising

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Fig. 9. Brake pressure with full service braking

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Fig. 10. Brake pressure with emergency braking

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Fig. 11. Running resistance measurement setup

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Fig. 12. Running resistance speed history result

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Fig. 13. Running resistance force with curve fitting results

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Fig. 14. Comparison of running resistance test results with other countries' standards

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Fig. 15. Stopping distance calculation procedure

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Fig. 16. Comparison of simulation and experimental results in full service braking

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Fig. 17. Comparison of simulation and experimental results in emergency braking

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Fig. 18. Error analysis in braking

Table 1. Disel-electro locomotive specification

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Table 2. Tread brake system

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Table 3. Dynamo test program

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Table 4. Analysis of variance results

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Table 5. Characteristics of service and emergency braking

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Table 6. Locomotive running resistances

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