Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Component fragility assessment of a long, curved multi-frame bridge: Uniform excitation versus spatially correlated ground motions

  • Jeon, Jong-Su (Department of Civil Engineering, Andong National University) ;
  • Shafieezadeh, Abdollah (Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University) ;
  • DesRoches, Reginald (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University)
  • Received : 2017.10.24
  • Accepted : 2018.01.03
  • Published : 2018.03.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an assessment of the seismic fragility of a long, curved multi-frame bridge under multi-support earthquake excitations. To achieve this aim, the numerical model of columns retrofitted with elliptical steel jackets was developed and validated using existing experimental results. A detailed nonlinear numerical model of the bridge that can capture the inelastic response of various components was then created. Using nonlinear time-history analyses for a set of stochastically generated spatially variable ground motions, component demands were derived and then convolved with new capacity-based limit state models to obtain seismic fragility curves. The comparison of failure probabilities obtained from uniform and multi-support excitation analyses revealed that the consideration of spatial variability significantly reduced the median value of fragility curves for most components except for the abutments. This observation indicates that the assumption of uniform motions may considerably underestimate seismic demands. Moreover, the spatial correlation of ground motions resulted in reduced dispersion of demand models that consequently decreased the dispersion of fragility curves for all components. Therefore, the spatial variability of ground motions needs to be considered for reliable assessment of the seismic performance of long multi-frame bridge structures.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government

References

  1. Avsar, O., Yakut, A. and Caner, A. (2011), "Analytical fragility curves for ordinary highway bridges in Turkey", Earthq. Spectr., 27(4), 971-996. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3651349
  2. Baker, J.W., Shahi, S.K. and Jayaram, N. (2011), New Ground Motion Selection Procedures and Selected Motions for the PEER Transportation Research Program, Report No. PEER Report 2011/03, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A.
  3. Bos, R., De Waele, S. and Broersen, P.M.T. (2002), "Autoregressive spectral estimation by application of the Burg algorithm to irregularly sampled data", IEEE Trans. Instr. Measure., 51(6), 1289-1294. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2002.808031
  4. Buckle, I.G., Friedland, I., Mander, J., Martin, G., Nutt, R. and Power, M. (2006), Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures: Part 1-Bridges, Report No. MCEER-06-SP10, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Research, SUNY Buffalo, NY, U.S.A.
  5. Burg, J.P. (1972), "The relationship between maximum entropy spectra and maximum likelihood spectra", Geophys., 37(2), 375-376. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440265
  6. Butterworth, S. (1930), "On the theory of filter amplifiers", Exper. Wire. Wire. Eng., 7, 536-541.
  7. Caltrans (2013), Seismic Design Criteria (SDC) Version 1.7, Office of Structures Design, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA, U.S.A.
  8. Caltrans (2017), Bridge Design Aids, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA, U.S.A.
  9. Celik, O.C. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2010), "Seismic fragilities for non-ductile reinforced concrete frames-role of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties", Struct. Saf., 32(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2009.04.003
  10. Choi, E., DesRoches, R. and Nielson, B. (2004), "Seismic fragility of typical bridges in moderate seismic zones", Eng. Struct., 26(2), 187-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.09.006
  11. Deodatis, G., Saxena, V. and Shinozuka, M. (2000), "Effect of spatial variability of ground motion on bridge fragility curves", Proceedings of the 8th ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, University of Norte Dame, IN, U.S.A.
  12. Der Kiureghian, A. (1996), "A coherency model for spatially varying ground motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 25(1), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199601)25:1<99::AID-EQE540>3.0.CO;2-C
  13. ElGawady, M., Endeshaw, M., McLean, D. and Sack, R. (2010), "Retrofitting of rectangular columns with deficient lap splices", J. Compos. Constr., 14(1), 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000047
  14. Fenves, G.L. and DesRoches, R. (1994), Response of the Northwest Connector in the Landers and Big Bear Earthquakes, Report No. UCB/EERC-94/12: Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California at Berkeley, CA, U.S.A.
  15. Haddadi, H., Shakal, A., Stephens, C., Savage, W., Huang, M., Leith, W., Parrish, J. and Borcherdt, R. (2008), "Center for engineering strong-motion data (CESMD)", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.
  16. Hu, L., Xu, Y.L. and Zheng, Y. (2012), "Conditional simulation of spatially variable seismic ground motions based on evolutionary spectra", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(15), 2125-2139. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2178
  17. Jackura, K.A., Beddard, D.L., Abghari, A. and Ehsan, J. (1991), Study of Liquefaction Potential at the I-10/I-215 Interchange in San Bernardino County, Report No. 08-Sbd-10 PM 24.19 & 24.30; E.A. 08-349304: California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA, U.S.A.
  18. Jeon, J.-S., Choi, E. and Noh, M.H. (2017), "Fragility characteristics of skewed concrete bridges accounting for ground motion directionality", Struct. Eng. Mech., 63(5), 647-657. https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2017.63.5.647
  19. Jeon, J.-S., DesRoches, R., Kim, T. and Choi, E. (2016), "Geometric parameters affecting seismic fragilities of curved multi-frame concrete box-girder bridges with integral abutments", Eng. Struct., 122, 121-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.04.037
  20. Kim, S.H. and Feng, M.Q. (2003), "Fragility analysis of bridges under ground motion with spatial variation", J. Non-Lin. Mech., 38(5), 705-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7462(01)00128-7
  21. Konakli, K. and Der Kiureghian A. (2011), Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Bridges Subjected to Spatially Varying Ground Motions, Report No. PEER 2011/105: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California at Berkeley, CA, U.S.A.
  22. Liao, S. and Zerva, A. (2006), "Physically compliant, conditionally simulated spatially variable seismic ground motions for performance-based design", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(7), 891-919. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.562
  23. Luco, J. and Wong, H. (1986), "Response of a rigid foundation to a spatially random ground motion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 14(6), 891-908. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290140606
  24. Ma, Y. and Deng, N. (2000), Deep Foundations, In Bridge Engineering Handbook, ed. W.F. Chen and L. Duan, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, U.S.A.
  25. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
  26. McKenna, F. (2011), "OpenSees: A framework for earthquake engineering simulation", Comput. Sci. Eng., 13(4), 58-66.
  27. Medina, R.A. and Krawinkler, H. (2003), Seismic Demands for Nondeteriorating Frame Structures and Their Dependence on Ground Motions, Report No. 144: The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University, CA, U.S.A.
  28. Megally, S.H., Silva, P.F. and Seible, F. (2002), Seismic Response of Sacrificial Shear Keys in Bridge Abutments, Report No. SSRP-2001/24: University of California at San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
  29. Moehle, J.P. (1994), Preliminary Report on the Seismological and Engineering Aspects of the January 17, 1994 Northridge Earthquake, Report No. UCB/EERC-94/01: Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California at Berkeley, CA, U.S.A.
  30. Muthukumar, S. and DesRoches, R. (2006), "A Hertz contact model with non-linear damping for pounding simulation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(7), 811-828. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.557
  31. Nielson, B.G. and DesRoches, R. (2007), "Seismic fragility methodology for highway bridges using a component level approach", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(6), 823-839. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.655
  32. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) (2015), http://peer.berkeley.edu/nga/index.html.
  33. Padgett, J.E. and DesRoches, R. (2008), "Methodology for the development of analytical fragility curves for retrofitted bridges", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(8), 1157-1174. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.801
  34. Pena Ramos, C.E. and Haldar, A. (2013), "Three-dimensional response of reinforced concrete bridges under spatially varying seismic excitation", Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Structural Safety & Reliability (ICOSSAR), Columbia University, New York, U.S.A.
  35. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F. and Calvi, G.M. (1996), Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, U.S.A.
  36. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F., Xiao, Y. and Verma, R. (1994a), "Steel jacket retrofitting of reinforced concrete bridge column for enhanced shear strength-part 1: Theoretical considerations and test design", ACI Struct. J., 91(4), 394-405.
  37. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F., Xiao, Y. and Verma, R. (1994b), "Steel jacket retrofitting of reinforced concrete bridge column for enhanced shear strength-part 2: Test results and comparison with theory", ACI Struct. J., 91(5), 537-551.
  38. Shafieezadeh, A., Ramanathan, K., Padgett, J.E. and DesRoches, R. (2012), "Fractional order intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling applied to highway bridges", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(3), 301-409.
  39. Shamsabadi, A., Khalili-Tehrani, P., Stewart, J.P. and Taciroglu, E. (2010), "Validated simulation models for lateral response of bridge abutments with typical backfills", J. Brid. Eng., 15(3), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000058
  40. Shinozuka, M., Saxena, V. and Deodatis, G. (2000), Effect of Spatial Variation of Ground Motion on Highway Structures, Report No. MCEER-00-0013, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Research, SUNY Buffalo, New York, U.S.A.
  41. Somerville, P., Smith, N., Punyamurthula, S. and Sun, J. (1997), Development of Ground Motion Time Histories for Phase 2 of the FEMA/SAC Steel Project, Report No. SAC/BD-97/04: SAC Joint Venture, Sacramento, CA, U.S.A.
  42. Sun, Z., Seible, F. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1993), Flexural Retrofit of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by Steel Jacketing, Report No. SSRP-93/01: Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, University of California at San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
  43. United States Geological Survey (USGS) (2015), http://www.usgs.gov/.
  44. Vanmarcke, E.H. and Fenton, G.A. (1991), "Conditioned simulation of local fields of earthquake ground motion", Struct. Saf., 10(1-3), 247-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(91)90018-5
  45. Vanmarcke, E.H., Heredia-Zavoni, E. and Fenton, G. (1993), "Conditional simulation of spatially correlated earthquake ground motion", J. Eng. Mech., 119(11), 2333-2352. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1993)119:11(2333)