A Study on Elementary Students' Conceptual Metaphor Structures about Light through Analysis of Their Image Schema

초등학생들의 빛에 대한 이미지 스키마 분석을 통한 개념적 은유 구조 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary students' conceptual metaphor forms of light through their image schema of light. The participants were 162 $6^{th}$ grade students from G city, Gyeongsangnam-do. For this study, the analysis framework was developed as image schema analysis and systemic functional grammar analysis. Then, students' metaphorical expressions of light concepts were analyzed by the framework(image schema analysis and systemic functional grammar analysis). The findings are as follows. First, in the understanding of source of light, students had two structures of light. (a)Light comes out from a light source and goes straight in space. (b)Light is dispersed around a light source. Second, in the understanding of the process to see a material, students had five structures including scientific concept as light came out from a light source approaches the material and reflects off the material, then the light goes into the person's eyes. Third, in the understanding of reflection of light, students had four structures including scientific concept as light came out from a light source approaches the mirror and is reflected from the mirror.

본 연구의 목적은 빛에 대한 초등학생들의 이미지 스키마를 통해 이들의 개념적 은유 유형을 분석하는 것이다. 연구 참여자는 경상남도 G시의 한 개 초등학교 6학년 학생 162명이다. 이 연구를 위해 분석틀이 고안되었으며, 그 분석틀은 이미지 스키마 분석틀과 체계적 기능 문법 분석틀이다. 학생들의 빛 개념을 묻는 질문지도 개발되었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 광원에 대해 학생들은 빛에 대해 두 가지의 구조를 가지고 있음을 보였으며, 그 두 가지는 빛이 광원으로부터 나와 직선으로 공간에 퍼져나간다는 것과 빛이 광원 주위에 정지해 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 물체를 보는 과정에 대한 이해에서는, 학생들은 과학자적 개념을 포함하여 5개의 구조를 나타냈다. 셋째, 빛의 반사에 대한 이해에서는 학생들은 과학자적 개념을 포함하여 4가지의 개념 구조를 나타냈다.

Figure 1. Framework for analysis of metaphor expression

Figure 2. Correlation between conceptual metaphor structures of light from light source, process that object is seen, and reflection of light

Table 1. Classification of image schema

Table 2. Symbols of main image schema

Table 3. Analysis of elements of systemic functional grammar

Table 4. Questions for asking about light conception

Table 5. Students’ responses to question of the meaning of light source

Table 6. Students’ conceptual metaphor forms about the light from light source

Table 7. Frequency of each conceptual structure about light from light source

Table 8. Students’ conceptual metaphor structure about process of object seen

Table 9. Students’ conceptual metaphor structure about process of object seen

Table 10. Students’ conceptual metaphor structure about process of object seen

Table 11. Frequency of each conceptual structure about process that object is seen

Table 12. Students’ conceptual metaphor structure about reflection of light

Table 13. Frequency of each conceptual structure about light reflection

Table 14. Elementary students’ conceptual understanding structures about light from light source(S), process that object is seen(W), reflection of light(R)