Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology (한국응용과학기술학회지)

The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technology (한국응용과학기술학회)
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Determination of Additives Content in Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Multi-dimensional GC-MS

Multi-dimensional GC-MS를 이용한 항공터빈유의 첨가제 분석

  • Youn, Ju Min (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority) ;
  • Jang, Yoon Mi (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority) ;
  • Yim, Eui Soon (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority) ;
  • Kim, Seong Lyong (Propulsion Test and Evaluation Team, Korea Aerospace Research Institute) ;
  • Kang, Yong (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University)
  • 연주민 (한국석유관리원 석유기술연구소) ;
  • 장윤미 (한국석유관리원 석유기술연구소) ;
  • 임의순 (한국석유관리원 석유기술연구소) ;
  • 김성룡 (한국항공우주연구원 추진시험평가팀) ;
  • 강용 (충남대학교 응용화학공학과)
  • Received : 2018.10.23
  • Accepted : 2018.12.24
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

To improve fuel performance and specific characteristics of long storage and moving through fuel systems additives should be added in kerosene type aviation turbine fuel (AVTUR) such as antioxidant, fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII), electric conductivity improvers and so on. The dosage of additives has to be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively due to inspect the quality of abnormal fuel and distinguish other petroleum products. Multi-dimensional GC-MS (MDGC-MS) with Deans switching technique are applied the determination of antioxidant and FSII, which are added with AVTUR containing complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Antioxidant and FSII in the range of 2.5-20 mg/L was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed using MDGC-MS and the detection limit was about twice as low as that of the 1-dimensional GC-MS results. The method in this study has been higher peak resolution compared with GC-MS and could be simultaneously analyzed different two additives without sample pre-treatment.

항공터빈유는 등유 기반의 석유제품에 산화 방지제(Antioxidant), 빙결 방지제(Fuel system icing inhibitor, FSII), 전기전도도 향상제(Electrical conductivity improver) 등의 첨가제를 첨가하여 항공기 연료로서 필요한 성능 향상 및 보관이나 이송 등에 관한 특정한 능력을 부여시키고 있다. 이들 첨가제는 항공터빈유의 품질에 이상이 발생하거나 다른 석유제품과 구별하기 위하여 그 첨가량을 정성 및 정량적으로 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 항공터빈유는 수많은 탄화수소 화합물로 구성된 복잡한 화합물이기 때문에 미량으로 첨가된 산화 방지제와 빙결 방지제를 분석하기 위하여 Multi-dimensional GC-MS (MDGC-MS)의 Deans switching 기술을 적용하였다. 2.5 - 20 mg/L 농도 범위의 산화 방지제와 빙결 방지제를 MDGC-MS로 정량 및 정성적으로 분석할 수 있었으며, 검출 한계는 1-dimensional GC-MS의 분석 결과와 비교하여 약 2배 정도 낮았다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시험 방법은 기존의 GC-MS보다 첨가제 피크의 분리능이 더 우수하였으며, 시료의 전처리가 필요없이 두 가지 첨가제를 동시에 분석할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Configuration of a MDGC-MS system. 1. Sampling injection port 2. 1stdetector (FID) 3. 2nd detector (MSD) 4. Switching element

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Fig. 2. Deans switching system in GC. 1. Pressure controller 2. 1st Detector (FID)

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Fig. 3. FID chromatograms of DiEGME and antioxidants in ethanol with Deans switching in standby mode.

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Fig. 4. A SCAN result obtained from each 100 mg/L DiEGME and antioxidants in ethanol with Deans switching in cut mode.

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Fig. 5. 1st and 2nd dimension chromatogram of each 100 mg/L DiEGME and antioxidants in Jet A-1 fuel with Deans switching in cut mode

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Fig. 6. Chromatogram of (a) blank Jet A-1 and (b) 10 mg/L of DiEGME and antioxidants in Jet A-1 obtained by GC-MS.

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Fig. 7. Chromatogram of (a) blank Jet A-1 and (b) 10 mg/L of DiEGME and antioxidants in Jet A-1 obtained by MDGC-MS.

HGOHBI_2018_v35n4_1260_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. Calibration curves for each DiEGME and antioxidants in Jet A-1 obtained by (a) GC-MS and (b) MDGC-MS. ☐ DiEGME ○ DTBP Δ DTBMP ∇ DMTBP

Table 1. Detailed information of additives for AVTUR

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Table 2. Operating conditions of GC-MS

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Table 3. Operating conditions of MDGC-MS

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Table 4. SIM group of targeted compounds and start time in GC-MS and MDGC-MS

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Table 5. Linearity and LOD of additives in AVTUR

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