한국융합학회논문지 (Journal of the Korea Convergence Society)

  • 제9권3호
  • /
  • Pages.79-90
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 2233-4890(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2713-6353(eISSN)
한국융합학회 (Korea Convergence Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

사회불안성향자의 주의 과정에 관한 임상 융합 연구 : 정서맥락에서 긍정 자극을 중심으로

Clinical Convergence Study on Attention Processing of Individuals with Social Anxiety Tendency : Focusing on Positive Stimulation in Emotional Context

  • 박지윤 (계명대학교 임상심리 전공) ;
  • 윤혜영 (계명대학교 임상심리 전공)
  • 투고 : 2017.11.29
  • 심사 : 2018.03.20
  • 발행 : 2018.03.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구의 목적은 긍정 얼굴 자극에 대한 주의의 과정에서 정서 맥락적 배경의 유무에 따라 사회불안성향자들과 정상인 간 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 무맥락적 배경에서 긍정 얼굴 자극에 대한 주의 과정을 확인하였고, 다음으로 정서 맥락적 배경이 존재하는 상황에서 동일한 주의 과정을 탐색하였다. D시의 800명의 대학생에게 SADS와 CES-D를 실시하고, 사회불안집단(SA, n=24)과 정상 대조군(NC, n=24)을 선별하였다. 주의 개입과 주의 이탈 두 요소를 측정하기 위해 최초 응시 방향, 최초 응시 시간을 안구 운동 추적을 통해 측정하였다. 그 결과, 사회불안집단의 경우 배경이 없는 상태에서 통제집단에 비해 긍정 얼굴 자극으로부터 더 빠른 주의 이탈이 관찰되었다. 그러나 긍정 얼굴 자극이 긍정 배경 자극 안에 제시되면 사회불안집단과 통제집단 간의 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 이 결과는 긍정 배경이 사회불안장애성향자의 정서 처리에 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of individuals with social anxiety tendency and normal people according to existence of emotional context in attention processing for positive facial stimulation. To do this, we investigated attentional processing for positive face stimuli in a condition without/with emotional context. SADS and CES-D were administered to 800 undergraduate students in D city and the social anxiety group (SA, n=24) and the normal control group (NC, n=24) were selected. In order to measure the two factors of attention process (attention engagement and attention disengagement), first gaze direction and first gaze time were measured through eye-movement tracking. The results show that the SA group exhibited faster attention disengagement from positive face stimuli compared to the NC group in the condition without context. But, when the positive context presented with positive face stimuli, there is no difference between SA and NC. This result suggests that the positive background affects emotional processing of social anxiety disorder.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th Ed.), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub.
  2. K. R. Merikangas, S. Avenevoli, S. Acharayya, H. Zhang, J. Angst. (2002). The spectrum of social phobia in the Zurich cohort study of young adults. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01309-9
  3. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Division of mental health policy. (2017). The Survey of Mental Disorder in Korea. Seoul: Samsung Medical Center.
  4. G. Butler & A. Mathews. (1983). Cognitive processes in anxiety. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6402(83)90015-2
  5. H. J. Koo & J. H. Kwon. (2015). Attentional bias in social anxiety : Differential effect of threat-induced engagement, disengagement and avoidance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(3), 707-746. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<707::AID-JCLP2270340326>3.0.CO;2-F
  6. K. Mogg, P. Philippot, & B. P. Bradley. (2004). Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.1.160
  7. J. C. Rohner. (2002). The time-course of visual threat processing: High trait anxious individuals eventually avert their gaze from angry faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16(6), 837-844. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000572
  8. K. Mogg, B. Bradley, F. Miles, & R. Dixon. (2004). Brief report time course of attentional bias for threat scenes: testing the vigilance avoidance hypothesis. Cognition and Emotion, 18(5), 689-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930341000158
  9. K. Mogg & B. Bradley. (2016). Anxiety and attention to threat: Cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 87(12), 76-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.001
  10. K. A. Veljaca & R. M. Rappe. (1998). Detection of negative and positive audience behaviours by socially anxious subjects. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(3), 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00016-3
  11. B. P. Bradley, K. Mogg, S. J. Falla, & L. R. Hamilton. (1998). Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: manipulation of stimulus duration. Cognition and Emotion, 12(6), 737-753. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999398379411
  12. K. S. Lee. (2004). Attention bias for face expression stimuli in individuals with social phobia. Master's thesis. Kyung Pook National University, Daegu.
  13. S. J. Lee. (2010). Attentional bias of social phobia group to words and faces stimuli. Master's thesis. Korea University, Seoul.
  14. M. Y. Shin & M. H. Hyun. (2007). Time-course of attentional bias for threatening stimulus in social anxiety-prone individual. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 26(2), 207-223.
  15. T. B. Kashdan, J. W. Weeks, & A. A. Savostyanova. (2011). Whether, how, and when social anxiety shapes positive experience and events: A self-regulatory framework and treatment implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(5), 786-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.012
  16. N. T. Chen, P. J. Clarke, C. MacLeod, & A. J. Guastella. (2012). Biased attentional processing of positive stimuli in social anxiety disorder: An eye movement study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(2), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2012.666562
  17. P. J. Silvia, W. D. Allan, D. L. Beauchamp, E. L. Maschauer, & J. O. Workman. (2006). Biased recognition of happy facial expressions in social anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(6), 585-602. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2006.25.6.585
  18. C. T. Taylor, J. Bomyea, & N. Amir. (2010). Attentional bias away from positive social information mediates the link between social anxiety and anxiety vulnerability to social stressor. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(4), 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.004
  19. M. J. Wieser, P. Pauli, G. W. Alpers, & A. Muhlberger. (2009). Is eye to eye contact really threatening and avoided in social anxiety?-An eye-tracking and psychophysiology study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(1), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.04.004
  20. S. G. Hoffman & P. M. Dibartolo. (2000). From social anxiety to social phobia; multiple perspectives.. Massachusetts : Alllyn & Bacon Publishing.
  21. N. Heinrichs & S. G. Hofmann. (2001). Information processing in social phobia: a critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), 751-7701. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(00)00067-2
  22. L. F. Barrett & E. A. Kensinger. (2010). Context is routinely encoded during emotion perception. Psychological Science, 21(4), 595-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610363547
  23. S. G. Ko, T. H. Lee, H. Y. Yoon, J. H. Kwon, & M. Mather. (2011). How does context affect assessments of facial emotion? The role of culture and age. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020222
  24. M. K. Cho (2015). The relationship among happiness, Happiness promotion activities and self-reflection in the convergence society. Journal of Digital Convergence, 13(7), 305-313. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2015.13.7.305
  25. R. E. Nisbett. (2010). The geography of thought: How asians and westerners think differently...and why. New York : Simon and Schuster Publishing.
  26. R. E. Nisbett & T. Masuda. (2003). Culture and point of view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(19), 11163-11170. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1934527100
  27. T. Masuda, H. Wang, K. Ishii, & K. Ito. (2012). Do surrounding figures' emotions affect judgment of the target figure's emotion? Comparing the eye-movement patterns of European Canadians, Asian Canadians, Asian International Students, and Japanese. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 72(6), 1662-5145.
  28. S. Yantis. (1996). Attentional Capture in Vision. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  29. R. van Rooijen, A. Ploeger, & A. M. E. Kret. (2017). The dot-probe task to measure emotional attention: A suitable measure in comparative Studies?. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1113-7
  30. A. Allport. (1989). Visual attention. Messachusetts : MIT Press Publishing.
  31. D. Watson & R. Friend. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 448-457. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027806
  32. J. Y. Lee & J. H. Choi. (1997). A study of the reliability and the validity of the Korean versions of social phobia scales (K-SAD , K-FNE). Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 16(2), 251-264.
  33. L. S. Radloff. (1977). The CES-D scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
  34. K. K. Chon, S. C. Choi, & B. C. Yang. (2001). Integrated adaptation of CES-D in Korea. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 6(1), 59-76.
  35. M. J. Cho & K. H. Kim. (1993). Diagnostic validity of the CES-D(Korean version) in the assessment of DSM-III-R Major Depression. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 32(3), 381-399.
  36. S. J. Cho et al. (2001). Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among the adolescents in an urban srea in Korea. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 40(4), 627-639.
  37. Keimyung Trauma Research Team, (2016). Keimyung University Face Emotional Collection. Unpublished data.
  38. P. J. Lang, M. M. Bradley, & B. N. Cuthbert. (2008). International affective picture system(IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual, Technical Report in University of Florida.
  39. F. Schreiber, C. Bohn, I. M. Aderka, U. Stangier, & R. Steil. (2012). Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem among adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(4), 1074-1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.05.003
  40. C. A. Schofield, A. L. Johnson, A. W. Inhoff, & M. E. Coles. (2012). Social anxiety and difficulty disengaging threat: Evidence from eye-tracking. Cognition and Emotion, 26(2), 300-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.602050
  41. J. W. Weeks, A. N. Howell, & P. R. Goldin. (2013). Gaze avoidance in social anxiety disorder, Depression and Anxiety, 30(8), 740-756.
  42. M. G. Calvo, & P. Avero. (2005). Time course of attentional bias to emotional scenes in anxiety: gaze direction and duration, Cognition and Emotion, 19(3), 433-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000157
  43. M. J. Fenske & J. D. Eastwood. (2003). Modulation of focused attention by faces expressing emotion: Evidence from flanker tasks, Emotion, 3(4), 327-343. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.4.327
  44. T. Masuda, P. C. Ellsworth, B. Mesquita, J. Leu, S. Tanida, & E. Van de Veerdonk. (2008). Placing the face in context: Cultural differences in the perception of facial emotion, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(3), 365-381. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.365
  45. W. G. Lange, K. Heuer, O. Langner, G. P. Keijsers, E. S. Becker, & M. Rinck. (2011). Face value: Eye movements and the evaluation of facial crowds in social anxiety, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(3), 355-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.02.007
  46. T. H. Lee, J. S. Choi, & Y. S. Cho. (2012). Context modulation of facial emotion perception differed by individual difference, PLoS One, 7(3), e32987 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032987
  47. K. Ito, T. Masuda, & L. M. W. Li. (2013). Agency and facial emotion judgment in context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(6), 763-776. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213481387
  48. Y. S. Kwon. (2015). Relationship between test anxiety and self-esteem in partial health related department convergence college students. Journal of Digital Convergence, 6(5), 91-98.
  49. H. O. Kim, Y. J. Koo, & E. Park. (2015). The influence on mental health of college students by their perceived stress, stress coping, perfectionism, and self esteem. Journal of Digital Convergence, 13(2), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2015.13.2.257
  50. J. C. Choi. (2017). Convergence study on the structural relation among self control, fairness, and happiness. Journal of Digital Convergence, 8(9), 331-338.
  51. H. Y. Yoon. (2017). Interpretation bias modification for social anxiety disorder: Development of computer Based cognitive modification program. Journal of Digital Convergence, 8(4), 111-122.