DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigation of school building microclimate using advanced energy equipment: Case study

  • Alwetaishi, Mamdooh (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University) ;
  • Alzaed, Ali (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University) ;
  • Sonetti, Giulia (Department of Regional & Urban Studies and Planning Politecnico di Torino and University di Torino) ;
  • Shrahily, Raid (School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University) ;
  • Jalil, Latif (GSM Billing Ltd Company, Head for Research and Development)
  • Received : 2017.01.23
  • Accepted : 2017.06.27
  • Published : 2018.03.31

Abstract

Buildings are responsible of major energy consumption globally. In addition, they are linked to thermal comfort. The need to provide comfort becomes more crucial in schools as they are the place where students learn, and develop their skills. This research aims to investigate the energy responsiveness of new and traditional school building design, where major variation in form, amount of external walls and glazing are different. The research focused on indoor microclimate condition of selected schools in the city of Jeddah where the climate is hot and humid using advanced tools for monitoring. The research uses advanced energy equipment to measure several aspects such as floor temperature, roof temperature, globe temperature and other factors which can lead to predictable thermal comfort of users. The findings suggest that a larger area of glazing shielded from sunlight has a greater influence on both indoor condition and general thermal sensation. The finding also suggests that the glazing ratio is a major contributor on indoor thermal pattern which can result in an increase in temperature profile between from $7-10^{\circ}C$. The findings of this research can assist in the improvement in the design of the prototype school building in hot and humid climate.

Keywords

References

  1. Sojobi AO, Balogun II, Salami AW. Climate change in Lagos state, Nigeria: What really changed? Environ. Monit. Assess. 2016;188:1-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4999-z
  2. Deng JY, Wong NH, Zheng X. The study of the effects of building arrangement on microclimate and energy demand of CBD in Nanjing, China. Procedia Eng. 2016;169:44-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.10.006
  3. Morrissey J, Moore T, Horne R. Affordable passive solar design in a temperate climate: An experiment in residential building orientation. Renew. Energ. 2001;36:568-577.
  4. Bekkouche SMA, Benouaz T, Yaiche MR, Cherier MK, Hamadani M, Chellali F. Introduction to control of solar gain and internal temperatures by thermal insulation, proper orientation and eaves. Energ. Buildings 2011;43:2414-2421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.05.018
  5. Hamdani M, Benouaz T, Cherier M. Study and effect of orientation two room of buildings located in Ghardaia, Algeria. Energy Procedia 2012;18:632-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.05.076
  6. Assem E. Correlating thermal transmittance limits of walls and roofs to orientation and solar absorption. Energ. Buildings 2011;43:3173-3180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.015
  7. Kruger E, Pearlmutter D, Rasia F. Evaluating the impact of canyon geometry and orientation on cooling loads in a high-mass building in a hot dry environment. Appl. Energ. 2010;87: 2068-2078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.034
  8. Haase M, Amato A. An investigation of the potential for natural ventilation and building orientation to achieve thermal comfort in warm and humid climates. Sol. Energy 2009;83:389-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2008.08.015
  9. Spanos I, Simons M, Holmes KL. Cost savings by application of passive solar heating. Struct. Survey 2005;23:111-130. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800510593684
  10. Raychaudhuri BC, Ali S, Garg DP. Indoor climate residential buildings in hot arid regions: Effect of orientation. Build. Sci. 1965;1:79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-3628(65)90008-3
  11. Kontoleon K, Bikas D. The effect of south wall's outdoor absorption coefficient on time lag, decrement factor and temperature variations. Energ. Buildings 2007;39:1011-1018.
  12. Wang Z. A field study of the thermal comfort in residential buildings in Harbin. Build. Environ. 2006;41:1034-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.04.020
  13. Lomas K. Architectural design of an advanced naturally ventilated building form. Energ. Buildings 2007;39:166-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.05.004
  14. Okeil A. A holistic approach to energy efficient building forms. Energ. Buildings 2010;42:1437-1444.
  15. AlAnzi A, Seo D, Krati M. Impact of building shape on thermal performance of office buildings in Kuwait. Energ. Convers. Manage. 2009;50:822-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.09.033
  16. Capeluto G. Energy performance of the self-shading building envelope. Energ. Buildings 2003;35:327-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00105-6
  17. Alwetaishi M. Impact of building function on thermal comfort: A review paper. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2016;9:928-945.
  18. Roberto F, Walter M, Marc A, Nathan M. Capacitive effect on the heat transfer through building glazing systems. Appl. Energ. 2011;88:4310-4319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.006
  19. Lollini B, Fasanob M. Optimisation of opaque components of the building envelope. Energy, economic and environmental issues. Build. Environ. 2006;41:1001-1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.11.011
  20. Kolaitis D, Malliotakis E, Kontogeorgos D. Comparative assessment of internal and external thermal insulation systems for energy efficient retrofitting of residential buildings. Energ. Buildings 2013;64:123-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.04.004
  21. Hanifi B, Mustafa E, Mustafa D, Orhan A, Mehmet K. An environmentally friendly thermal insulation material from sunflower stalk, textile waste and stubble fibres. Constr. Build. Mater. 2014;51:24-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.038
  22. Jinghua Y, Changzhi Y, Liwei T, Dan L. A study on optimum insulation thicknesses of external walls in hot summer and cold winter zone of China. Appl. Energ. 2009;86:2520-2529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.03.010
  23. Dimoudi A, Kostarela P. Energy monitoring and conservation potential in school buildings in the C' climatic zone of Greece. Renew. Energ. 2009;34:289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.025
  24. Comakli K, Yuksel B. Environmental impact of thermal insulation thickness in buildings. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2004;24: 933-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2003.10.020
  25. Mahlia T, Iqbal A. Cost benefits analysis and emission reductions of optimum thickness and air gaps for selected insulation materials for building walls in Maldives. Energy 2010;35:2242-2250.
  26. Ashok K, Suman B. Experimental evaluation of insulation materials for walls and roofs and their impact on indoor thermal comfort under composite climate. Build. Environ. 2013;59: 635-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.09.023
  27. Omer K. A review of the economical and optimum thermal insulation thickness for building applications. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2012;16:415-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.08.006
  28. Bojic M, Yik F, Sat P. Influence of thermal insulation position in building envelope in the space cooling of high-rise residential building in Hong Kong. Energ. Buildings 2001;33:569-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(00)00125-0
  29. Asan H, Sancaktar Y. Effect of wall's thermophysical properties on time lag and decrement factor. Energ. Buildings 1998;28: 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00007-3
  30. Muhammet K, Kecebas A, Gedik E. Determination of optimum insulation thickness of external walls with two different methods in cooling applications. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2013;50:217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.06.031
  31. Meral O. Determination of optimum insulation thickness based on cooling transmission load for building walls in a hot climate. Energ. Convers. Manage. 2013;66:106-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.10.002
  32. Salah M. On the heat flow into the ground. Renew. Energ. 1999;18:473-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(99)00005-1
  33. Chris R. Thermal mass your home [Internet]. Australia: Australian Government. c2013 [cited 18 February 2015]. Available from: http://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/thermal-mass.
  34. Lina Y, Yuguo L. Cooling load reduction by using thermal and night ventilation. Energ. Buildings 2008;40:2052-2058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.05.014
  35. Eduardo K, Eduardo G, Baruch G. Effectiveness of indirect evaporative cooling and thermal mass in a hot arid climate. Build. Environ. 2010;45:1422-1433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.12.005
  36. Tsikaloudaki K, Theodosiou T, Bikas K. Assessing cooling energy performance of windows for residential buildings in the Mediterranean zone. Energ. Convers. Manage. 2012;64:335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.04.020
  37. Kamal M, Greig N, Alhomid A, Al-Jafari A. Kinetics of human acetylcholinesterase inhibition by the novel experimental Alzheimer therapeutic agent, tolserine. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2000;60:561-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00330-0
  38. Abdullatif E. Minimizing thermal bridging through window systems in buildings of hot regions. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2002;22:989-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-4311(01)00121-1
  39. Pal S, Roy B, Neogi S. Heat transfer modelling on windows and glazing under the exposure of solar Radiation. Energ. Buildings 2009;41:654-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.01.003
  40. Xing S, Xu Z. Environmental performance optimization of window- wall ratio for different window type in hot summer and cold winter zone in China based on life cycle assessment. Energ. Buildings 2010;42:198-202.
  41. Bouchlaghem N. Optimising the design of building envelopes for thermal performance. Automat. Constr. 2000;10:101-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-5805(99)00043-6
  42. Andrea G, Giovanni P, Francesca C. Analysis and modelling of window and glazing systems energy performance for a well-insulated residential building. Energ. Buildings 2011;43:1030-1037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.12.032
  43. Lee J, Chio J. Influences of clothing types on metabolic, thermal and subjective responses in cool environment. J. Therm. Biol. 2004;29:221-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.02.006

Cited by

  1. Generic proposal for the determination of optimal glazed areas for school buildings in the Northeast Region of Argentina vol.243, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110988
  2. Evaluation of microclimatic conditions during the teaching process in selected school premises. Slovak case study vol.239, pp.no.pd, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122161