Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The First Case of Diarrhoea in Tibetan Sheep, Ovis aries, Caused by Balantidium coli in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China

  • Jian, Ying-Na (State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University) ;
  • Wang, Ge-Ping (State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University) ;
  • Li, Xiu-Ping (State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University) ;
  • Zhang, Xue-Yong (State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University) ;
  • Ma, Li-Qing (State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University)
  • Received : 2018.05.23
  • Accepted : 2018.10.19
  • Published : 2018.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the pathogen-causing diarrhoea in sheep Ovis aries in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. A trophozoite was identified as species of ciliate alveolates infecting the sheep based on morphological characteristics examined by microscope. It was mostly spherical, colourless and transparent, with many vesicles. Macronucleus and contractile vacuoles could not be distinguished. Size of the trophozoite was $80-180{\times}70-150{\mu}m$ and its surface was covered with cilia. Molecular analysis based on sequences of 18S rRNA and ITS genes confirmed the ciliate species as Balantidium coli. According to the literature, there have been many epidemiological investigations of B. coli infection in pigs, monkeys and humans. To our knowledge, this was the first report of B. coli infections in sheep in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of China, or eleswhere around the world. Importantly, the sheep case was rare but raised our concern that B. coli may spread across species and expand its host range.

Keywords

References

  1. Schuster FL, Ramirez-Avila L. Current world status of Balantidium coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008; 21: 626-638. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00021-08
  2. McLeod C, Smith P, McGuinness SL, Francis JR, Baird RW. Human case of Balantidium infection in Australia. Pathology 2015; 47: 603-604. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0000000000000313
  3. Yin DM, Lv CC, Tan L, Zhang TN, Yang CZ, Liu Y, Liu W. Prevalence of Balantidium coli infection in sows in Hunan province, subtropical China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47: 1637-1640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0904-6
  4. Lai M, Zhou RQ, Huang HC, Hu SJ. Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in pigs in Chongqing, China. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91: e121-e124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.01.025
  5. Li HL, Li Q, Dong L, Li J, Zou FC, Zhang L. Prevalence of Balantidium coli infection in Bred Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in Guangxi, southern China. Iran J Parasitol 2014; 9: 125-128.
  6. Weng YB, Hu YJ, Li Y, Li BS, Lin RQ, Xie DH, Gasser RB, Zhu XQ. Survey of intestinal parasites in pigs from intensive farms in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. Vet Parasitol 2005; 127: 333-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.030
  7. Cho HS, Shin SS, Park NY. Balantidiasis in the gastric lymph nodes of Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia): an incidental finding. J Vet Sci 2006; 7: 207-209. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2006.7.2.207
  8. Choubisa SL, Jaroli VJ. Gastrointestinal parasitic infection in diverse species of domestic ruminants inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern Rajasthan, India. J Parasit Dis 2013; 37: 271-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-0178-0
  9. Nakauchi K. The prevalence of Balantidium coli infection in fiftysix mammalian species. J Vet Med Sci 1999; 61: 63-65. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.61.63
  10. Schubnell F, von Ah S, Graage R, Sydler T, Sidler X, Hadorn D, Basso W. Occurrence, clinical involvement and zoonotic potential of endoparasites infecting Swiss pigs. Parasitol Int 2016; 65: 618-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2016.09.005
  11. Schar F, Inpankaew T, Traub RJ, Khieu V, Dalsgaard A, Chimnoi W, Chhoun C, Sok D, Marti H, Muth S, Odermatt P. The prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasitic infections in humans and domestic animals in a rural Cambodian village. Parasitol Int 2014; 63: 597-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2014.03.007
  12. Ismail HA, Jeon HK, Yu YM, Do C, Lee YH. Intestinal parasite infections in pigs and beef cattle in rural areas of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2010; 48: 347-349. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.347
  13. Singh NK, Singh H, Jyoti, Haque M, Rath SS. Prevalence of parasitic infections in cattle of Ludhiana district, Punjab. J Parasit Dis 2012; 36: 256-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-0119-y
  14. Khan A, Khan MS, Avais M, Ijaz M, Ali MM, Abbas T. Prevalence, hematology, and treatment of balantidiasis among donkeys in and around Lahore, Pakistan. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196: 203-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.017
  15. Pomajbikova K, Petrzelkova KJ, Profousova I, Petrasova J, Modry D. Discrepancies in the occurrence of Balantidium coli between wild and captive African great apes. J Parasitol 2010; 96: 1139-1144. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2433.1
  16. Ryan SJ, Brashares JS, Walsh C, Milbers K, Kilroy C, Chapman CA. A survey of gastrointestinal parasites of olive baboons (Papio anubis) in human settlement areas of Mole National Park, Ghana. J Parasitol 2012; 98: 885-888. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2976.1
  17. Sandoval NR, Rios N, Mena A, Fernandez R, Perea M, Manzano-Roman R, Santa-Quiteria JA, Hernandez-Gonzalez A, Siles-Lucas M. A survey of intestinal parasites including associated risk factors in humans in Panama. Acta Trop 2015; 147: 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.024
  18. Kapur P, Das AK, Kapur PR, Dudeja M. Balantidium coli liver abscess: first case report from India. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40: 138-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0464-0
  19. Hazarika M, Pai HV, Khanna V, Reddy H, Tilak K, Chawla K. Rare case of polymicrobial keratitis with Balantidium coli. Cornea 2016; 35: 1665-1667. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000000982
  20. Pomajbikova K, Obornik M, Horak A, Petrzelkova KJ, Grim JN, Levecke B, Todd A, Mulama M, Kiyang J, Modry D. Novel insights into the genetic diversity of Balantidium and Balantidiumlike cyst-forming ciliates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7: e2140. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002140
  21. Kline K, McCarthy JS, Pearson M, Loukas A, Hotez PJ. Neglected tropical diseases of Oceania: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7: e1755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001755
  22. Marietto-Goncalves GA, Fernandes TM, Silva RJ, Lopes RS, Andreatti Filho RL. Intestinal protozoan parasites with zoonotic potential in birds. Parasitol Res 2008; 103: 1237-1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-1125-y
  23. Otegbade AC, Morenikeji OA. Gastrointestinal parasites of birds in zoological gardens in south-west Nigeria. Trop Biomed 2014; 31: 54-62.

Cited by

  1. Balantioides coli vol.135, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.028