Tribology and Lubricants

Korean Tribology Society (한국트라이볼로지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of the Properties of Diesel Engine Oil and Aging on Exhaust Gases and DPF

경유엔진용 윤활유의 성상 및 열화가 배출가스 및 후처리 장치에 미치는 영향 연구

  • Kim, JeongHwan (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority) ;
  • Kim, KiHo (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority) ;
  • Lee, JungMin (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority)
  • 김정환 (한국석유관리원 석유기술연구소) ;
  • 김기호 (한국석유관리원 석유기술연구소) ;
  • 이정민 (한국석유관리원 석유기술연구소)
  • Received : 2018.09.02
  • Accepted : 2018.11.25
  • Published : 2018.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of engine oil aging on PM(Particulate Matter), exhaust gases, and DPF. It is widely known that the specification of a lubricant and its consumption in an ICE considerably influences the release of regulated harmful emissions under normal engine operating conditions. Considering DPF clogging phenomena associated with lubricant-derived soot/ash components, a simulated aging mode is designed for DPF to facilitate engine dynamometer testing. A PM/ash accumulation cycle is developed by considering real-world engine operating conditions for the increment of engine oil consumption and natural DPF regeneration for ash accumulation. The test duration for DPF aging is approximately 300 h with high- and low-SAPs engine oils. Detailed engine lubricant properties of new and aged oils are analyzed to evaluate the effect of engine oil degradation on vehicle mileage. Furthermore, physical and chemical analyses are performed using X-CT, ICP, and TGA/DSC to quantify the engine oil contribution on the PM composition. This is achieved by sampling with various filters using specially designed PM sampling equipment. Using high SAPs engine oil causes more PM/ash accumulation compared with low SAPs engine oils and this could accelerate fouling of the EGR in the engine, which results in an increase in harmful exhaust gas emissions. These test results on engine lubricants under operating conditions will assist in the establishment of regulated and unregulated toxic emissions policies and lubricant quality standards.

Keywords

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Scheme of engine dynamometer. 1. Injector, 2. Throttle actuator, 3. Fuel Pressure, 4. Map sensor, 5. MFC, 6. Fuel cut-off V/V, 7. Throttle position sensor, 8. Cooling water, 9. Air cleaner, 10. O2 sensor, 11. Start motor, 12. Muffler, 13. Dynamometer controller, 14. Data processor, 15. Intake pressure analyzer, 16. Lambda meter, 17. Exhaust gas analyzer, 18. FT-IR analyzer

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Scheme of engine dynamometer. 1. Injector, 2. Throttle actuator, 3. Fuel Pressure, 4. Map sensor, 5. MFC, 6. Fuel cut-off V/V, 7. Throttle position sensor, 8. Cooling water, 9. Air cleaner, 10. O2 sensor, 11. Start motor, 12. Muffler, 13. Dynamometer controller, 14. Data processor, 15. Intake pressure analyzer, 16. Lambda meter, 17. Exhaust gas analyzer, 18. FT-IR analyzer

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Principal of X-CT.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Principal of X-CT.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. NOx emission.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. NOx emission.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. DPF X-CT photo with using Low SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. DPF X-CT photo with using Low SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. DPF X-CT photo with using High SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. DPF X-CT photo with using High SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Pressure difference between before and after DPF (using Low SAPs).

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Pressure difference between before and after DPF (using Low SAPs).

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Pressure difference between before and after DPF (using High SAPs)SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Pressure difference between before and after DPF (using High SAPs)SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. Cooling efficiency of High and Low SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. Cooling efficiency of High and Low SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. Soot in oil of Low SAPs.

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. Soot in oil of Low SAPs.

Table 1. DPF PM accumulation mode

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0001.png 이미지

Table 1. DPF PM accumulation mode

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Specification of engine dynamometer

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0002.png 이미지

Table 2. Specification of engine dynamometer

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Specification of exhaust gas analyzer

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0003.png 이미지

Table 3. Specification of exhaust gas analyzer

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Test engine specification

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0004.png 이미지

Table 4. Test engine specification

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0004.png 이미지

Table 5. Lubricants for engine tests

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0005.png 이미지

Table 5. Lubricants for engine tests

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0005.png 이미지

Table 6. Test conditions for ICP

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0006.png 이미지

Table 6. Test conditions for ICP

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0006.png 이미지

Table 7. Specification of X-CT

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0007.png 이미지

Table 7. Specification of X-CT

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0007.png 이미지

Table 8. Physical properties of Low SAPs

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0008.png 이미지

Table 8. Physical properties of Low SAPs

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0008.png 이미지

Table 9. Physical properties of High SAPs

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0009.png 이미지

Table 9. Physical properties of High SAPs

OHHHB9_2018_v34n6_292_t0009.png 이미지

References

  1. A. Liati, P. Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, E. Muller Gubler, E. Schreiber, M. Agguirre, 2012, "Investigation of diesel ash particulate matter: A scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope study", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 49, pp. 391-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.035
  2. H. G., 2010, "Final report of the study of nanoparticle measurement", BMWi/AiF.
  3. Lihui Dong, Gequn shu, Xingyu Liang, 2013, "Effect of lubricating oil on the particle size distribution and total number concentration", Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 109, pp. 158-159.
  4. A. Laitinen, K. Vaaraslahti, J. Keskinen, 2000, "Preformed spray scrubber: Comparison of precipitation mechanisms for charged fine particles", Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol. 31.
  5. "Comparative study of regulated and unregulated toxic emissions characteristics from a spark ignition direct injection light-duty vehicle fueled with gasoline and liquid phase LPG", 2012, NIER/Korea University.
  6. "Impact of Lube Oil on Advanced Light-Duty CIDI Engine Emissions", 2000, SwRI.
  7. "Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Air Toxic Emissions", 2004, CARB.
  8. "DPF Degradation using Chemical Tracers and Opportunities for Extending Filter Life", 2010, MIT
  9. "COLLABORATIVE LUBRICATING OIL STUDY ON EMISSIONS (CLOSE)", 2011, SwRI.
  10. "Influences of lubricating oil on after-treatment devices", 2010, JCAP Engine Oil W. G.
  11. "Influences of Lubricating Oil Consumption on PM Emission in Gasoline Engine", 2009, Toyota Motor Co.
  12. "Study on Lacuer Formation in Combined of Marin Fuel and Marine Lubricant Oil", J. Korean Soc. Tribol. Lubr. Eng., Vol. 31, pp. 86-94.