양송이버섯 재배용 자주식 배지교반기 개발

Development of self-propelled windrow turner for button mushroom compost

Abstract

유럽에서 양송이 야외발효에 많이 사용하던 윈드로우 터너를 우리나라 실정에 맞게 밀짚대신 볏짚을 사용할 수 있도록 개량 개발하였다. 관행 굴삭기작업과 비교하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 교반작업 성능은 $81m^3/hr$으로 굴삭기 $28.6m^3/hr$보다 2.8배 높았으며, 재배사 한 동(균상면적 $165m^2$)당 1회 배지교반시간이 46분으로 관행보다 노력을 66% 절감할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 야외발효 말기 배지더미의 온도분포 조사 결과 배지더미 중앙 아래부분의 온도가 관행보다 $5^{\circ}C$ 이상 높아 호기발효에 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, 부숙도를 추정할 수 있는 회분조사결과 $30.9{\pm}1.1%$로 나타나 관행 $28.4{\pm}1.6%$보다 부숙정도도 높게 나타났다. 버섯의 농가 재배결과 수확량이 시작기의 경우 관행 대조구 대비 22.9% 증수되는 것으로 나타났다.

The windrow turner, widely used for outdoor fermentation of mushrooms in Europe, has been improved by using rice straw instead of wheat straw in accordance with Korea's actual situation. It was compared with conventional excavator work, and the results were as follows. Agitation performance was $81m^3/hr$, which was 2.8 times higher than $28.6m^3/hr$ of excavator. As a result of the temperature distribution in the pile at the end of the fermentation stage, it was found that the temperature at the lower part of the pile was $5^{\circ}C$ higher than that of conventional pile. This was more favorable for aerobic fermentation. Meanwhile, ash ratio of prototype ($30.9{\pm}1.1%$) was higher than that of control $28.4{\pm}1.6%$. In the case of prototype turner agitation, the yield of mushroom cultivation was $880kg/66m^2$, that was 22.9% higher than the conventional control yield of $716kg/66m^2$.

Fig. 1. Conception of compost turner

Fig. 2. Lug set type of compost turner

Fig. 3. Lug shape of compost turner

Fig. 4. A schematic diagram of the self-propelled windrow compost turner

Fig. 5. Workability by different type of pickup lug

Fig. 6. The shape of compost and lug by compost turner at the last turning during outdoor fermentation, it was impossible to work if the pickup-lug linear velocity is more than 2.0 m/s.

Fig. 7. Variation of temperature on different height in compost during initial period(mixing of substrate materials ~ 2nd turning by excavator)

Fig. 8. Variation of temperature on different height in compost during latter period(3rd turning?final turning).

Fig. 9. Temperature distribution on compost inside file(half cross section at last stage of outdoor composting process)

Fig 10. Comparison of cultivation characteristics. (left: control, right: turner)

Table 1. Specification of prototype self-propelled windrow compost turner

Table 2. Change of composts characteristics during different stages of outdoor composting process

Table 3. Yield comparison of different compost processing methods.