Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of high-dose ginsenoside complex (UG0712) supplementation on physical performance of healthy adults during a 12-week supervised exercise program: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

  • Lee, Eon Sook (Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Clinical Research Center, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Yang, Yun Jun (Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Clinical Research Center, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Lee, Jun Hyung (Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Clinical Research Center, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Yoon, Yeong Sook (Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Clinical Research Center, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University)
  • Received : 2016.06.30
  • Accepted : 2017.03.15
  • Published : 2018.04.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Ginseng has been used as an ergogenic agent, although evidence for its effectiveness is weak. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a ginsenoside complex (UG0712) on changes in exercise performance. Methods: Sedentary individuals (n = 117) were randomly assigned into one of three groups: low-dose ginsenoside supplementation (100 mg/d, n = 39), high-dose ginsenoside supplementation (500 mg/d, n = 39), or a placebo group (500 mg/d, n = 39). All participants underwent a supervised 12-wk aerobic and resistance exercise training course. To assess the effects of supplementation on physical performance, maximal oxygen consumption ($VO_2max$), anaerobic threshold (AT), lactic acid, and muscle strength of the dominant knee were measured at baseline, every visit, and after the training program. Results: Both ginsenoside groups showed significant increases in $VO_2max$ and muscular strength during exercise training. There were no definite changes in AT and lactic acid levels over time. After exercise training, there were definite differences in the $VO_2max$ (28.64.9 to $33.7{\pm}4.9ml/kg/min$ in high-dose group vs. $30.4{\pm}6.7$ to $32.8{\pm}6.6ml/kg/min$ in placebo, p = 0.029) and AT ($19.3{\pm}4.2$ to $20.9{\pm}3.5ml/kg/min$ in high-dose group vs. $20.0{\pm}5.1$ to $20.0{\pm}4.9ml/kg/min$ in placebo, p = 0.038) between the high-dose ginsenoside and placebo groups. However, there was no difference in $VO_2max$ between the low-dose ginsenoside and placebo groups (p = 0.254). There were no differences in muscular strength during exercise training among the three groups. Conclusion: High-dose ginsenoside supplementation (UG0712) augmented the improvement of aerobic capacity by exercise training.

Keywords

References

  1. Scholey A, Ossoukhova A, Owen L, Ibarra A, Pipingas A, He K, Roller M, Stough C. Effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on neurocognitive function: an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010;212:345-56.
  2. Helms S. Cancer prevention and therapeutics: Panax ginseng. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:259-74.
  3. Kim S, Shin BC, Lee MS, Lee H, Ernst E. Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chin J Integr Med 2011;17:937-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-011-0937-2
  4. Rhee MY, Kim YS, Bae JH, Nah DY, Kim YK, Lee MM, Kim HY. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on arterial stiffness in subjects with hypertension. J Altern Complement Med 2011;17:45-9. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0065
  5. Bahrke MS, Morgan WP, Stegner A. Is ginseng an ergogenic aid? Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2009;19:298-322. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.3.298
  6. Pipat C, Kanyarat R. Effects of standardized ginseng extract and exercise training on aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities in humans. J Ginseng Res 1995;19:93-100.
  7. Bardia A, Nisly NL, Zimmerman MB, Gryzlak BM, Wallace RB. Use of herbs among adults based on evidence-based indications: findings from the National Health Interview Survey. Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82:561-6.
  8. Cabral de Oliveira AC, Perez AC, Prieto JG, Duarte ID, Alvarez AI. Protection of Panax ginseng in injured muscles after eccentric exercise. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;97(2):211-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.029
  9. Pannacci M, Lucini V, Colleoni F, Martucci C, Grosso S, Sacerdote P, Scaglione F. Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer G115 modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mice throughout the increase of macrophage toll-like receptor 4 expression during physical stress. Brain Behav Immun 2006;20:546-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2005.11.007
  10. Allen JD, McLung J, Nelson AG, Welsch M. Ginseng supplementation does not enhance healthy young adults' peak aerobic exercise performance. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:462-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1998.10718795
  11. Engels HJ, Fahlman MM, Wirth JC. Effects of ginseng on secretory IgA, performance, and recovery from interval exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:690-6. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000058363.23986.D2
  12. Kulaputana O, Thanakomsirichot S, Anomasiri W. Ginseng supplementation does not change lactate threshold and physical performances in physically active Thai men. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:1172-9.
  13. Liang MT, Podolka TD, Chuang WJ. Panax notoginseng supplementation enhances physical performance during endurance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2005;19:108-14. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200502000-00019
  14. Pieralisi G, Ripari P, Vecchiet L. Effects of a standardized ginseng extract combined with dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements on physical performance during exercise. Clin Ther 1991;13:373-82.
  15. Choi J, Kim TH, Choi TY, Lee MS. Ginseng for health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in Korean literature. PLoS One 2013;8:e59978. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059978
  16. Bucci LR. Selected herbals and human exercise performance. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(2 Suppl). 624S-36S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.2.624S
  17. Engels HJ, Wirth JC. No ergogenic effects of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) during graded maximal aerobic exercise. J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97:1110-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00271-X
  18. Tang W, Zhang Y, Gao J, Ding X, Gao S. The anti-fatigue effect of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 in mice by intranasally administration. Biol Pharm Bull 2008;31:2024-7. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.2024
  19. Xu Y, Zhang P, Wang C, Shan Y, Wang D, Qian F, Sun M, Zhu C. Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on tyrosine hydroxylase and related mechanisms in the forced swimming-induced fatigue rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;150:138-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.016
  20. Jovanovski E, Bateman EA, Bhardwaj J, Fairgrieve C, Mucalo I, Jenkins AL, Vuksan V. Effect of Rg3-enriched Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in healthy individuals: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Soc Hypertens 2014;8:537-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2014.04.004
  21. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 2000;284:3043-5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.23.3043
  22. Kim JY, Ri Y, Do SG, Lee YC, Park SJ. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of ginseng leaf extract UG0712. Lab Anim Res 2014;30:104-11. https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2014.30.3.104
  23. Shin WH, Ri Y, Do SG, Lee YC, Park SJ. 13-week subchronic toxicity study of a novel ginsenoside composition from ginseng leaves in rats. Lab Anim Res 2014;30:112-22. https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2014.30.3.112
  24. Chai H, Do S, Kim J, Kim D, Sung S, Lee Y, Woo SS, Kang JK. UG0712, A novel ginsenoside composition enhances the endurance exercise capacity and fatigue recovery. Lab Anim Res 2009;25:207-12.
  25. Marsh CE. Evaluation of the American College of Sports Medicine submaximal treadmill running test for predicting $VO_2max$. J Strength Cond Res 2012;26:548-54. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318220d9a8
  26. Oliynyk S, Oh S. Actoprotective effect of ginseng: improving mental and physical performance. J Ginseng Res 2013;37:144-66. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.144
  27. Kim SH, Park KS, Chang MJ, Sung JH. Effects of Panax ginseng extract on exercise-induced oxidative stress. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2005;45:178-82.
  28. Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DO. Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults. Hum Psychopharmacol 2010;25:462-71.
  29. Gross D, Shenkman Z, Bleiberg B, Dayan M, Gittelson M, Efrat R. Ginseng improves pulmonary functions and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2002;57:242-6.
  30. Zhou Q, Jiang L, Xu C, Luo D, Zeng C, Liu P, Yue M, Liu Y, Hu X, Hu H. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. Thromb Res 2014;133:57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2013.10.032
  31. Sun M, Huang C, Wang C, Zheng J, Zhang P, Xu Y, Chen H, Shen W. Ginsenoside Rg3 improves cardiac mitochondrial population quality: mimetic exercise training. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013;441:169-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.039
  32. Pumpa KL, Fallon KE, Bensoussan A, Papalia S. The effects of Panax notoginseng on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage in well-trained males: a double blind randomised controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2013;21:131-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2012.12.007
  33. Jung HL, Kwak HE, Kim SS, Kim YC, Lee CD, Byurn HK, Kang HY. Effects of Panax ginseng supplementation on muscle damage and inflammation after uphill treadmill running in humans. Am J Chin Med 2011;39:441-50. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X11008944

Cited by

  1. Ginseng: A Qualitative Review of Benefits for Palliative Clinicians vol.36, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909118822704
  2. The hot water extract and active components nicotinamide and guanosine of the leather carp Cyprinus carpio nudis improve exercise performance in mice vol.43, pp.11, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13004
  3. The Effects of Wild Ginseng Extract on Psychomotor and Neuromuscular Performance Recovery Following Acute Eccentric Exercise: A Preliminary Study vol.10, pp.17, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10175839
  4. Korean red ginseng promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in mice vol.15, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.268905