Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Subacute Oral Toxicity Assesment of Ethanol Extract of Mariposa christia vespertilionis Leaves in Male Sprague Dawley Rats

  • Received : 2017.07.23
  • Accepted : 2018.01.09
  • Published : 2018.04.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The term Butterfly tea refers to decoction of Mariposa christia vespertilionis leaves which is widely consumed by cancer patients throughout Malaysia and has gained a huge popularity among Malaysians, not only cancer patients but also researchers to discover the real potential of this plant. Herein, the study is aimed at evaluating the possible toxicity in 28-day subacute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract M. christia vespertilionis in male Sprague Dawley rats. The 28-day subacute toxicity study was conducted to detect the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). In this study, a total of 30 rats were divided into the control, 5% DMSO (vehicle), low dose (75 mg/kg), medium dose (125 mg/kg) and high dose (250 mg/kg) groups. The extract was administered daily from day 1 until day 28. At the end of the study, the animals were humanely sacrificed and assessed for the effect extract of Mariposa christia vespertilionis leaves on body weight and relative organ weights and haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. The haematological and serum biochemical parameters for the assessment of kidney and liver injuries were carried out. Results of haematological and serum biochemistry results showed no changes in the control and treated groups. In the histopathology, evaluation of kidney tissues in all treated groups showed no significant (p > 0.05) lesions. In contrast to kidney, liver tissues showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in lesions observed in low dose (430 mg), medium dose (700 mg) and high dose (1480 mg) groups with very mild, mild and mild to moderate lesion of hepatic necrosis, in the respective groups, and very mild hepatic degeneration and hepatitis were scored in all three groups.

Keywords

References

  1. Nguyen-Pouplin, J., Tran, H., Phan, T.A., Dolecek, C., Farrar, J., Tran, T.H., Caron, P., Bodo, B. and Grellier, P. (2007) Antimalarial and cytotoxic activities of ethnopharmacologically selected medicinal plants from South Vietnam. J. Ethnopharmacol., 109, 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.011
  2. Hofer, D., Schwach, G., Ghaffari Tabrizi-Wizsy, N., Sadjak, A., Sturm, S., Stuppner, H. and Pfragner, R. (2013) Christia vespertilionis plant extracts as novel antiproliferative agent against human neuroendocrine tumor cells. Oncol. Rep., 29, 2219-2226. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2367
  3. Wu, X.-Y., Tang, A.-C. and Lu, Q.-Y. (2012) Study on antitumor effect of the extract from Christia vespertilionis in vivo. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2012-08.
  4. Whiting, P.W., Clouston, A. and Kerlin, P. (2002) Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med. J. Aust., 177, 440-443.
  5. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2001) Guidance document for testing chemicals. Acute oral toxicity study-fixed dose.
  6. Petterino, C. and Argentino-Storino, A. (2006) Clinical chemistry and haematology historical data in control Sprague Dawley rats from pre-clinical toxicity studies. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 57, 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2005.10.002
  7. Harizal, S.N., Mansor, S.M., Hasnan, J., Tharakan, J.K.J. and Abdullah, J. (2010) Acute toxicity study of the standardized methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa Korth in rodent. J. Ethnopharmacol., 131, 404-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.013
  8. Wang, D., Zhong, K.Y.Z., Luo, X., Xiao, R., Hou, Y., Bao, W., Yang, W., Yan, H., Yao, P. and Liu, L. (2011) Acute and subchronic oral toxicities of Pu-erh black tea extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 134, 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.068
  9. Rang, H.P., Dale, M. and Ritter, R. (2001) Pharmacology (volume 13, 4th edition), Churchill Livingstone, New York.
  10. Handa, S.S., Khanuja, S.P.S., Longo, G. and Rakesh, D.D. (2008) Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (1st edition, no. 66), United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the International Centre for Science and High Technology, Italy.
  11. Teo, S.D., Stirling, S., Thomas, A., Kiorpers, A. and Vikram, K. (2002) A 90-day oral gavage toxicity study of D-methylphenidate and D, L methylphedinate in Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicology, 179, 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00338-4
  12. Han, C.T., Kim, M.J., Moon, S.H., Jeon, Y.R., Hwang, J.S., Nam, C., Park, C.W., Lee, S.H., Na, J.B., Park, C.S., Park, H.W., Lee, J.M., Jang, H.S., Park, S.H., Han, K.G., Choi, Y.W., Lee, H.Y. and Kang, J.K. (2015) Acute and 28-day subacute toxicity studies of hexane extracts of the roots of lithospermumerythrorhizon in sprague-dawley rats. Toxicol. Res., 31, 403-414. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2015.31.4.403
  13. Raza, M., Al-Shabanah, O.A., El-Hadiyah, T.M. and Al-Majed, A.A. (2002) Effect of prolonged vigabatrin treatment on hematological and biochemical parameters in plasma, liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice. Sci. Pharm., 70, 135-145.
  14. Carol, S.A. (1995) Acute, subchronic and chronic toxicology in CSR Handbook of Toxicology (Michael, J.D. and Mannfred, A.H. Eds.). CSR Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 51-104.
  15. Rosidah, Y., Sdikun, A., Ahmad, A., Akowuah, G.A. and Asmawi, M.Z. (2009) Toxicology evaluation of standardized methanol extract of Gynuraprocumbens. J. Ethnopharmacol., 123, 244-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.011
  16. Amresh, G.R., Singh, P.N. and Rao, C.V. (2008) Toxicological screening of traditional medicine Laghupatha (Cissampelos pareira) in experimental animals. J. Ethnopharmacol., 116, 454-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.12.008
  17. Mohamed, E.A.S., Lim, C.P., Ebrika, O.S., Asmawi, M.Z., Sadikun, A. and Yam, M.F. (2011) Toxicity evaluation of a standardised 50% ethanol extract of Orthosiphonstamineus. J. Ethnopharmacol., 133, 358-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.008
  18. Dybing, E., Doe, J., Groten, J., Kleiner, J. and O'Brien, J. (2002) Hazard charecterization of chemicals in food and diet: dose response, mechanism and extrapolation issues. Food Chem. Toxicol., 42:237-282.
  19. Olson, H., Betton, G., Robinson, D., Thomas, K., Monro, A., Kolaja, G., Lilly, P., Sanders, J., Sipes, G., Bracken, W., Dorato, M., Van Deun, K., Smith, P., Berger, B. and Heller, A. (2000) Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 32, 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/rtph.2000.1399
  20. Adeneye, A.A., Ajagbonna, O.P., Adeleke, T.I. and Bello, S.O. (2006) Preliminary toxicity and phytochemical studies of the stem bark aqueous extract of Musangacecropioides in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 105, 374-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.027
  21. Diallo, A., Gbeassor, M., Vonor, A., Eklu-Gadegbeku, K. and Aklikokou, A. (2008) Effect of Tectonagrandis on phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia in rats. Fitoterapia, 79, 332-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.02.005
  22. Ashafa, A.O.T., Orekoya, L.O. and Yakubu, M.T. (2012) Toxicity profile ethanolic extract of Azadirachtaindica stem bark in male Winstar rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 2, 811-817. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60234-2
  23. Daniel, E.I. and Clement, O.N.K.U. (2008) Effect of ethanolic extract of Dennettiatripetala fruit on haematological parameters in albino wistar rats. Niger. J. Physiol. Sci., 23, 13-17.
  24. Malomo, S.O. (2000) Toxicological implications of certriaxone administration in rats. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 15, 33-38.
  25. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2001) Guideline for testing of chemicals, No. 420.
  26. Larrey, D. (2002) Epidemiology and individual susceptibility to adverse drug reactions affecting the liver. Semin. Liver Dis., 22, 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-30105
  27. Friedel, R., Bode, R. and Trautschold, I. (1976) Distribution of intravenously injected enzymes of heterologous, homologous and autologous origin. Distribution and transport of cell enzymes within the extracellular space. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 14, 129-136.
  28. Nayak, N.C., Sathar, S.A., Mughal, S., Duttagupta, S., Mathur, M. and Chopra, P. (1996) The nature and significance of liver cell vacuolation following hepatocellular injury--an analysis based on observations on rats rendered tolerant to hepatotoxic damage. Virchows Arch., 428, 353-365.
  29. Tanaka, M. and Wanless, I.R. (1998) Pathology of the liver in Budd-Chiari syndrome: portal vein thrombosis and the histogenesis of veno-centric cirrhosis, veno-portal cirrhosis, and large regenerative nodules. Hepatology, 27, 488-496. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270224
  30. Iwai, M., Kitagawa, Y., Nakajima, T., Takeda, M., Okanoue, T., Nakajima, T., Ogasawara, T., Suyama, Y., Miyoshi, M. and Kashima, K. (1998) Clinical features, image analysis, and laparoscopic and histological liver findings in Budd-ChiarI syndrome. Hepatogastroenterology, 45, 2359-2368.
  31. Naschitz, J.E., Slobodin, R.J. and Yeshurun, D. (2000) Heart diseases affecting the liver and liver diseases affecting the heart. Am. Heart J., 140, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2000.107177
  32. Radosavljevi, T., Nikoli, I., Todorovi, V., Sikic, B. and Nikoli, J.A. (2001) Effects of portacaval shunt on theenteroinsular axis in rats. Acta Vet. Scand., 51, 275-282.
  33. Bruguera, M., Aranguibel, F., Ros, E. and Rodes, J. (1978) Incidence and clinical significance of sinusoidal dilatation in liver biopsies. Gastroenterology, 75, 474-478.
  34. Poulsen, H., Winkler, K. and Christoffersen, P. (1970) The significance of centrilobular sinusoidal changes in liver biopsies. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl., 7, 103-109.
  35. Djaldetti, M. and Feller, N. (1978) Crystalline cytoplasmic inclusions in the liver cells of two mongrel dogs. Res. Exp. Med. (Berl.), 173, 279-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01851499
  36. Koller, L.D. (1973) A note on eosinophilic cytoplasmic bodies in the liver of a rabbit. Vet. Pathol., 10, 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/030098587301000402
  37. Ladds, P.W. and Strafuss, A.C. (1971) Eosinophilic cytoplasmic bodies in a bovine liver. Cornell Vet., 61, 486-489.
  38. Chattopadhyay, P., Agrawal, S.S. and Garg, A. (2006) Liver regenerative effect of Phyllanthus amarus Linn. against alcohol induced liver cell injury in partially hepatectomised albino rats. Int. J. Pharm., 2, 426-430. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2006.426.430
  39. Chen, Z. and Huo, J.R. (2010) Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations. Neth. J. Med., 68, 252-260.
  40. Cullen, J.M. (2005) Mechanistic classification of liver injury. Toxicol. Pathol., 33, 6-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230590522428
  41. Greaves, P., Edwards, R., Cohen, G.M. and MacFarlane, M. (2001) "Have you seen this?" Diffuse hepatic apoptosis. Toxicol. Pathol., 29, 398-400.
  42. Bernhardt, R. (1995) Cytochrome P450: structure, function, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 127, 137-221.
  43. Lu, H., Meng, X., Li, C., Sang, S., Paten, C., Sheng, S., Hong, J., Bai, N., Winnik, B., Ho, C.T. and Yang, C.S. (2003) Glucuronides of tea catechins: enzymology of biosynthesis and biological activities. Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 452-461. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.31.4.452
  44. Vessey, D.A. (1996) Metabolism of xenobiotics by the human liver in Hepatology: a Textbook of Liver Disease (3rd edition), (Zakin, D. and Boyer, T.D. Eds.). WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 257-305.
  45. Mitchell, J.R., Jollow, D.J., Potter, W.Z., Davis, D.C., Gillette, J.R. and Brodie, B.B. (1973) Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 187, 185-194.
  46. Mazer, M. and Perrone, J. (2008) Acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. J. Med. Toxicol., 4, 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160941
  47. Miyaoka, Y. and Miyajima, A. (2013) To divide or not to divide: revisiting liver regeneration. Cell Div., 8, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-8-8
  48. Siti, S.A., Norhaizan, M.E. and Hazilawati, H. (2014) Histopathologic changes in liver and kidney tissues from male sprague dawley rats treated with Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) schott extract. J. Cytol. Histol., S4, 001.
  49. Ghule, A.E., Jadhav, S.S. and Bodhankar, S.L. (2011) Renoprotective effect of Linumusitatissimum seeds through haemodynamic changes and conservation of antioxidant enzymes in renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Arab. J. Urol., 9, 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2011.07.007