Science of Emotion and Sensibility (감성과학)

Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility (한국감성과학회)
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Relationships of Psychological Factors to Stress and Heart Rate Variability as Stress Responses Induced by Cognitive Stressors

스트레스에 대한 심리 반응 유형과 심박변이도의 관련성

  • Jang, Eun Hye (Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Ah Young (Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ;
  • Yu, Han Young (Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute)
  • 장은혜 (한국전자통신연구원 바이오의료IT연구본부) ;
  • 김아영 (한국전자통신연구원 바이오의료IT연구본부) ;
  • 유한영 (한국전자통신연구원 바이오의료IT연구본부)
  • Received : 2018.01.24
  • Accepted : 2018.02.26
  • Published : 2018.03.31
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Abstract

Stress involves changes in behavior, autonomic function and the secretion of hormones. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) contributes to physiological adaptive process in short durations. In particular, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is commonly used as a quantitative marker depicting the ANS activity related to mental stress. The aim of this study is to investigate correlations between psychological responses to stress and HRV indices induced by the cognitive stressor. Thirty-three participants rated their mental and physical symptoms occurred during the past two weeks on Stress Response Inventory (SRI), which is composed of seven stress factors that may influence the status of mental stress levels. Then, they underwent the psychophysiological procedures, which are collected electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during a cognitive stress task. HRV indices, the standard deviation of R-R interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive R-R interval difference (RMSSD) and low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio were extracted from ECG signals. Physiological responses were calculated stress responses by subtracting mean of the baseline from the mean of recovery. Stress factors such as tension, aggression, depression, fatigue, and frustration were positively correlated to HRV indices. In particular, aggression had significant positive correlations to SDNN, RMSSD and LF/HF ratio. Increased aggressive responses to stress correlated with the increases of all HRV indices. This means the increased autonomic coactivation. Additionally, tension, depression, fatigue, and frustration were positively associated with RMSSD reflecting increases in parasympathetic activation. The autonomic coactivation may represent an integrated response to specific cognitive reactions such as the orienting response.

본 연구에서는 스트레스에 대한 심리 반응 요인과 인지 스트레스원에 의해 유발된 심박변이도의 변화와의 관계를 확인하고자 하였다. 33명의 실험참여자는 지난 2주 동안 경험한 스트레스에 대하여 정신적 신체적 증상들을 스트레스 반응 척도 상에 평가하였다. 또한 실험참여자가 인지 스트레스 과제를 수행하는 동안 심전도 신호가 기록되었다. 심박변이도 지표로서, R-R간격의 표준편차(SDNN), 연속한 R-R 간격 차이 값의 평균제곱근(RMSSD)과 심박변이도의 저주파 성분(LF)과 고주파 성분(HF)의 비율이 추출되었다. 스트레스 반응은 회복기 동안의 평균에서 기저선의 평균을 뺀 차이값으로 분석에 사용되었다. 분석 결과, 스트레스 요인과 심박변이도 지표들과의 유의한 정적 상관을 보였다. 특히 스트레스에 대한 공격 반응의 증가는 모든 심박변이도 지표의 증가와 연관이 있었다. 모든 심박변이도 지표의 증가는 자율신경계가 동시에 활성화됨을 의미한다. 즉, 공격 반응의 증가는 교감 및 부교감신경계의 활성도의 증가와 관련이 있다. 또한 긴장, 우울, 피로와 좌절은 RMSSD와의 정적 상관이 있었다. RMSSD의 증가는 부교감신경계 활성의 증가를 의미하는 것으로, 긴장, 우울, 피로, 좌절의 증가와 부교감 신경의 활성도의 증가가 연관이 있었다. 이러한 자율신경의 공동 활성화는 주의 집중을 요하는 인지 스트레스원에 대한 통합된 반응으로 여겨진다.

Keywords

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