DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Note on the Two-Microphone Methods for the Measurement of Acoustic Impedance

음향 임피던스 측정을 위한 이중 마이크로폰 기법에 대한 고찰

  • SEO, SEONGHYEON (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University)
  • 서성현 (국립한밭대학교 기계공학과)
  • Received : 2018.03.28
  • Accepted : 2018.04.30
  • Published : 2018.04.30

Abstract

The present article discusses about the measurement techniques of acoustic impedance that becomes one of the important acoustic characteristics of various boundaries found inside of propulsion systems. Acoustic characteristics including acoustic impedance and reflection coefficient can be often assessed and estimated by use of the two-microphone method. Theoretical expressions of acoustic impedance and reflection coefficient measured in an impedance tube are presented for both cases with mean flow and without flow, and the practical application of the method through calibration is also provided. The acoustic impedance and the reflection coefficient are related with axial locations of microphones, thermodynamic characteristics of gas inside, and the transfer function between the pressure wave measurements at multiple locations.

Keywords

References

  1. A. P. Dowling and S. R. Stow, "Acoustic Analysis of Gas-Turbine Combustors", Chapter 13, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 210, 2005, pp. 369-414.
  2. H. Jeong, K. Kang, and K. Lee, "A Study on the Combustion Characteristics with Hydrogen Contents of SNG Fuel in Low-Swirl Combustor", Trans. of the Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2017, pp. 181-189. https://doi.org/10.7316/KHNES.2017.28.2.181
  3. E. Kim, Y. Lee, and S. Lee, "Design Optimization of Intake Muffler for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle APU", Trans. of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2012, pp. 44-52. https://doi.org/10.7467/KSAE.2012.20.5.044
  4. S. Seo and Y. J. Park, "Current Research Status on Flame Response Characteristics to Flow Disturbances", J. the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2014, pp. 87-94. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2014.18.5.087
  5. J. P. Dalmont, "Acoustic Impedance Measurement, Part I: A Review", J. Sound and Vibration, Vol. 243, No. 3, 2001, pp. 427-439. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2000.3428
  6. J. P. Dalmont, "Acoustic Impedance Measurement, Part II: A New Calibration Method", J. Sound and Vibration, Vol. 243, No. 3, 2001, pp. 441-459. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2000.3429
  7. ASTM C384-85, Standard Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials by the Impedance Tube Method.
  8. H. Boden and M. Abom, "Influence of Errors on the Two-Microphone Method for Measuring Acoustic Properties in Ducts," J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 79, No. 2, 1986, pp. 541-549. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.393542
  9. P. Banks-Lee and H. Peng, "Length Error Analysis for Impedance Tube Measurements", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 85, No. 4, 1989, pp. 1769-1772. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.397967
  10. P. O. A. L. Davies, M. Bhattacharya, and J. L. Bento Coelho, "Measurement of Plane Wave Acoustic Fields in Flow Ducts", J. Sound and Vibration, Vol. 72, No. 4, 1980, pp. 539-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-460X(80)90363-6
  11. Z. Tao and A. Seybert, "A Review of Current Techniques for Measuring Muffler Transmission Loss", SAE-Paper 2003-01-1653, 2003.
  12. H. Utsuno, T. Tanaka, T. Fujikawa, and A.F. Seybert, "Transfer Function Method for Measuring Characteristic Impedance and Propagation Constant of Porous Materials", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 86, No. 2, 1989, pp. 637-643. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.398241
  13. A. F. Seybert, "Two-Sensor Methods for the Measurement of Sound Intensity and Acoustic Properties in Ducts", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 83, No. 6, 1988, pp. 2233-2239. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.396352
  14. A. P. Dowling and J. E. FFowcs Williams, "Sound and Sources of Sound", Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1982.
  15. W. T. Chu, "Extension of the Two-Microphone Transfer Function Method for Impedance Tube Measurements", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 80, No. 1, 1986, pp. 347-348. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.394154
  16. J. Y. Chung and D. A. Blaser, "Transfer Function Method of Measuring In-Duct Acoustic Properties. I. Theory", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 68, No. 3, 1980, pp. 907-913. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.384778
  17. A. F. Seybert and D. F. Ross, "Experimental Determination of Acoustic Properties Using a Two-Microphone Random-Excitation Technique", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 61, No. 5, 1977, pp. 1362-1370. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.381403
  18. S. H. Jang and J. G. Ih, "On the Multiple Microphone Method for Measuring In-Duct Acoustic Properties in the Presence of Mean Flow", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 103, No. 3, 1998, pp. 1520-1526. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.421289
  19. J. Y. Chung and D. A. Blaser, "Transfer Function Method of Measuring Acoustic Intensity in a Duct System with Flow", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 68, No. 6, 1980, pp. 1570-1577. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.385211
  20. M. L. Munjal and A. G. Doige, "The Two-Microphone Method incorporating the Effects of Mean Flow and Acoustic Damping", J. Sound and Vibration, Vol. 137, No. 1, 1990, pp. 135-1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-460X(90)90722-C
  21. J. P. Johnston and W. E. Schmidt, "Measurement of Acoustic Reflection from an Obstruction in a Pipe with Flow", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 63, No. 5, 1978, pp. 1455-1460. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.381891
  22. V. Gibiat and F. Laloo, "Acoustical Impedance Measurements by the Two-Microphone-Three-Calibration (TMTC) Method", J. the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 88, 1990, pp. 2533-2545. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.399975