KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy

Korea Electric Power Corporation (한국전력공사)
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Lessons Learned from Energy Storage System Demonstrations for Primary Frequency Control

  • Yu, Kwang-myung (KEPCO Research Institute, Korea Electric Power Corporation) ;
  • Choi, In-kyu (KEPCO Research Institute, Korea Electric Power Corporation) ;
  • Woo, Joo-hee (KEPCO Research Institute, Korea Electric Power Corporation)
  • Received : 2018.07.13
  • Accepted : 2018.12.10
  • Published : 2018.12.30
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Abstract

In recent years, ESS (Energy Storage System) has been widely used in various parts of a power system. Especially, due to its fast response time and high ramp rate, ESS is known to play an important role in regulating grid frequency and providing rotational inertia. As the number of installed and commercially operating ESSs increases, the reliability becomes an important issue. This paper introduces control schemes and presents its test method for grid-connected ESS for primary frequency regulation. The test method allows to verify the control operation in the individual operation mode and state. A validation of the method through actual ESS test in a electrical substation is presented in the case study section.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Concept of frequency change due to power supply and demand mismatch.

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Fig. 1. Concept of frequency change due to power supply and demand mismatch.

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Fig. 2. Example of frequency response due to generation loss.

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Fig. 2. Example of frequency response due to generation loss.

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Fig. 3. Comparison of frequency response on different inertia and reserve speed [5].

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Fig. 3. Comparison of frequency response on different inertia and reserve speed [5].

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Fig. 4. ESS configuration connected to 22kV substation.

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Fig. 4. ESS configuration connected to 22kV substation.

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Fig. 5. Concept of FRC operation mode selection.

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Fig. 5. Concept of FRC operation mode selection.

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Fig. 6. FRC operation scheme in the recharging mode.

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Fig. 6. FRC operation scheme in the recharging mode.

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Fig. 7. Flow chart of FRC operation.

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Fig. 7. Flow chart of FRC operation.

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Fig. 8. FRC target distribution principle.

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Fig. 8. FRC target distribution principle.

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Fig. 9. Interaction between FRCM and FRC.

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Fig. 9. Interaction between FRCM and FRC.

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Fig. 11. Test frequency.

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Fig. 11. Test frequency.

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Fig. 12. Control algorithm test procedure.

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Fig. 12. Control algorithm test procedure.

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Fig. 14. Normal control mode test result with the same SOC settings (65%, FRC No. 1).

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Fig. 14. Normal control mode test result with the same SOC settings (65%, FRC No. 1).

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Fig. 13. Manual mode test result (FRC No. 1).

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Fig. 13. Manual mode test result (FRC No. 1).

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Fig. 15. Normal control mode test result with the different SOC settings (FRC No. 1).

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Fig. 15. Normal control mode test result with the different SOC settings (FRC No. 1).

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Fig. 16. Dynamic mode test result with the same SOC settings (65%, FRC No.1).

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Fig. 16. Dynamic mode test result with the same SOC settings (65%, FRC No.1).

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Fig. 17. Dynamic mode test result with the different SOC settings (FRC No. 1).

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Fig. 17. Dynamic mode test result with the different SOC settings (FRC No. 1).

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Fig. 18. Recharging mode test result.

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Fig. 18. Recharging mode test result.

Table 1. Distribution weight (DW) of PCSj calculation formula in nPCSs

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Table 1. Distribution weight (DW) of PCSj calculation formula in nPCSs

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Table 2. Normal control mode PR setting example

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Table 2. Normal control mode PR setting example

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Table 3. Gimje substation ESS specification [7]

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Table 3. Gimje substation ESS specification [7]

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Table 4. FRC parameters for Gimje S/S ESS [7]

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Table 4. FRC parameters for Gimje S/S ESS [7]

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