Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
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Effects of insect herbivory on extrafloral nectar production of Impatiens balsamina

봉선화 꽃외화밀 생산에 곤충 초식이 미치는 영향

  • Nam, Ki-Jung (Department of Biology Education, Gyeongsang National University, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 남기정 (경상대학교 생물교육과.경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원)
  • Received : 2018.04.27
  • Accepted : 2018.05.03
  • Published : 2018.05.31
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Abstract

Plants produce extrafloral nectar (EFN), liquid of carbohydrates to protect themselves against various insect herbivores through attracting natural enemy, ants, wasp and parasitoids, so EFN production is well known as one of indirect defense mechanisms. In many plants, EFN production is increased or induced when plants are attacked and damaged by insect feeding, whereas there are some plants whose EFN production is not altered or even decreased upon insect attack. The feeding types (chewing or sap feeding) of insects attacking plants also affect EFN production. The objective of this study was to examine how insect herbivore alters production of extrafloral nectar of Impatiens balsamina. Two different types of herbivores, leaf chewing and sap feeding insects, Spodoptera litura and Impatientinum impatiens respectively, are utilized. Plants were mechanically damaged by making holes on leaves with Jasmonic acid (JA) and regurgitate of S. litura added on. Two different densities of aphids were confined on leaves. The results of the study was that mechanical damage and JA or regurgitate addition did not affect EFN production in I. balsamina. Aphid feeding, regardless of density treated, decreased EFN production. The results of the study suggest that production of extrafloral nectar of Impatiens balsamina can be changed by insect feeding, and the effects of insect feeding can depend on the type of insects.

식물이 생산하는 꽃외화밀(extrafloral nectar)은 주로 단당류, 이당류로 구성되어 있는 액체로서, 개미나 기생벌 등 초식 곤충의 천적을 유인하는 식물의 간접 방어 수단으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 봉선화를 이용하여 봉선화 꽃외화밀의 생산이 곤충의 초식에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받는지 알아보고자 시도하였다. 실험은 곤충 초식 방식 두 가지 (잎을 씹어먹는 타입과 체관 액체를 빨아먹는 타입)를 인위적으로 처리하기 위해, 1) 봉선화 잎을 기계적으로 손상시키는 방법 (simulated herbivory), 2) 봉선화 잎을 기계적으로 손상시킨 후 자스몬산 그리고 나방 애벌레 타액이 섞인 토사물(regurgitate)의 두가지 유도물질(elicitor)을 잎에 처리하는 방법 (simulated herbivory + elicitor application), 3) 초식곤충인 진딧물을 봉선화 잎에 인위적으로 감염시키는 방법 (aphid feeding) 등 총 3가지 방법으로 식물을 처리하고, 이후 나타나는 봉선화의 꽃외화밀 생산량의 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 봉선화 꽃외화밀의 생산은 기계적 손상, 기계적 손상+유도물질 처리에 영향을 받지 않았다. 이는 봉선화 꽃외화밀의 생산이 나비나 나방 애벌레 등 잎을 씹어먹는 방식으로 섭식하는 곤충의 초식에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않음을 시사한다. 반면에 진딧물 섭식에 의해서 봉선화 꽃외화밀의 생산량이 감소하였는데, 이는 진딧물 등의 체관 내용물을 빨아먹는 방식으로 섭식하는 곤충의 초식에는 봉선화 꽃외화밀의 생산이 부정적인 영향을 받음을 시사한다. 진딧물의 밀도와 꽃외화밀의 생산량 감소와는 상관성을 발견하지 못했는데, 이는 봉선화 잎의 꽃외화밀 생산에 미치는 진딧물의 영향이 광합성 산물의 일부가 진딧물에 의해 소모되기 때문에 생기는 결과라는 증거는 없다는 것을 시사한다.

Keywords

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