DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Low Intensity Muscle Training on Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Serotonin Level in Stroke Patients with Depression and Emotional Incontinence

저강도 근력 운동이 우울증 및 감정 조절 장애가 있는 뇌졸중 환자의 노르에피네피린, 에피네피린, 그리고 세로토닌에 미치는 영향

  • Hong, Soungkyun (Dept. of Physical Therapy, graduate School of Kyungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Donggeon (Dept. of Physical Therapy, graduate School of Kyungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Gyuchang (Dept. of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University)
  • 홍성균 (경남대학교 일반대학원 물리치료학과) ;
  • 이동건 (경남대학교 일반대학원 물리치료학과) ;
  • 이규창 (경남대학교 물리치료학과)
  • Received : 2018.02.10
  • Accepted : 2018.04.20
  • Published : 2018.06.30

Abstract

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of low-intensity muscle training on neurotransmitters associated with depression and emotion regulation disorders in survivors with stroke who were diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder. Methods : Survivors of chronic stroke diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder (n = ) were included in the study. Concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were measured before and after. Low-intensity muscle training was performed once a day for 50 minutes, 5 times a week for 10 weeks. Result : Levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine improved significantly after intervention (p < .05). Conclusion : These results confirm that low-intensity muscle training has a positive effect on neurotransmitter concentrations in survivors with stroke diagnosed with depression and emotion regulation disorders. Future studies should analyze the changes in neurotransmitters in more detail using various exercise methods and intensities to investigate their effects on depression and emotion regulation disorders.

Keywords

References

  1. 박은경, 김용권, 유재현 등(1999). 운동이 정신분열증 환자의 세로토닌과 도파민 분비에 미치는 영향. 대한스포츠의학회지, 17(1), 48-53.
  2. 백일훈, 김병조, 박강희(2012). 순환운동이 뇌졸중 후 우울증 환자의 뇌 세로토닌 합성에 미치는 영향. 대한물리의학회지, 7(4), 451-459. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2012.7.4.451
  3. 진영수, 전태원, 김의수 등(1992). 운동강도와 운동 지속 시간이 인체의 면역반응에 미치는 영향, 대한스포츠의학회지, 10(1), 53-62.
  4. Bailey S, Davies J, Ahlborn E(1993). Neuroendocrine and substrate responses to altered brain 5-HT activity during prolonged exercise to fatigue. J Appl Physiol, 74(6), 3006-3012. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.6.3006
  5. Barchas JD, Freedman D(1963). Brainamines. Biochem Pharmacol, 12, 1232-1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(63)90101-1
  6. Beck AT(1967). Depression clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York, Haper & Row Publishers INC.
  7. Blake H, Mo P, Malik S, et al(2009). How effective are physical activity interventions for alleviating depressive symptoms in older people? a systematic review. Clini Rehabil, 23(10), 873-887. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215509337449
  8. Cicerone KD, Dahlberg C, Kalmar K, et al(2000). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: recommendations for clinical practice. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 81(12), 1596-1615. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2000.19240
  9. Dimsdale JE, Moss J(1980). Plasma catecholamines in stress and exercise. JAMA, 243, 340-342. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1980.03300300018017
  10. Dubovsky SL(1994). Beyond the serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychiatry, 55(2), 34-44.
  11. Farrell PA, Gustafson AB, Morgan WP, et al(1987). Enkephalins, catecholamine and psychological mood altrations: Effets of prolonged exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 19(4), 347-353.
  12. Field T(2012). Exercise research on children and adolescents. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 18(1), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.04.002
  13. Hartley LH, Mason JW, Hogan RP(1972). Multiple hormonal responses to prolonged exercise in relation to physical training. J Appl Physiol, 33, 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1972.33.5.607
  14. Harvey RL, Roth EJ, Yu D(2007). Rehabilitation in stroke syndromes. In: Braddom RL Eds Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 3rd ed, Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier.
  15. He SB, Tanget WG, Tang WJ, et al(2012). Exercise intervention may prevent depression. Int J Sports Med, 33(7), 525-530. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1306325
  16. Judd FK, Burrows GD, Brown DJ(1986). Depression following acute spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 24(6), 358-363. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.1986.53
  17. Knaster P, Estlander AM, Karlsson H, et al(2016). Diagnosing depression in chronic pain patients: DSM-IV major depressive disorder vs. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). PloS one, 11(3), e0151982. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151982
  18. Lee JA, Lee JH, Yim SM, et al(2000). Correlation between post stroke depression and activities of daily living. J Orien Neuropsy, 11(2), 149-154.
  19. Lucas M, Mekary R, Pan A, et al(2011). Relation between clinical depression risk and physical activity and time spent watching television in older women: a 10-year prospective follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol, 174(9), 1017-1027. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr218
  20. Mammen G, Faulkner G(2013). Physical activity and the prevention of depression: a systematic review of prospective studies. Am J Prev Med, 45(5), 649-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.08.001
  21. Mead GE, Morley W, Campbell P, et al(2009). Exercise for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 8(3), CD004366.
  22. Morgan WP(1979). Anxiety reduction following acute physical activity. Psychiatric Annals, 9, 141-147.
  23. Morgan WP, Brown DR, Raglin JS, et al(1987). Psychological monitoring of overtraining and staleness. Br J Sports Med, 21(3), 107-14. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.21.3.107
  24. Morris PPL, Robin RG, Raphael B(1990). Prevalence and course of depressive in hospitalized stroke patients. Int J Psychiatry Med, 20(4), 349-364. https://doi.org/10.2190/N8VU-6LWU-FLJN-XQKV
  25. Perry J, Garrett M, Gronley JK, et al(1995). Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke, 26(6), 982-989. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.26.6.982
  26. Ploughman M(2008). Exercise is brain food; The effect of physical activity on cognitive function. Dev Neurorehabil, 11(3), 236-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518420801997007
  27. Rudorfer M, Rose R, Linnoila M, et al(1985). Ewaggerated orthostatic esponsivity of plasma norepinephrin in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 45, 849-957.
  28. Ransford CP(1982). A role for amines in the antidepressant effect of exercise: a review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 14(1), 1-10.
  29. Raskind M, Peskind E, Halter J, et al(1984). Norepinephrine and MHPG levels I CSF and plasma in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41, 343-346. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790150033006
  30. Romanowski W, Grabiec S(1974). The role of serotonin in the mechanism of central fatigue. Acta Physiology Pol, 25, 127-134.
  31. Scheurink AJW, Steffens AB, Benthem L(1988). Central and peripheral a drenoceptors affect glucose, free gatty acids, and insulin in exerscising rats. Am J Physiol, 255, 547-556.
  32. Schildkraut JJ, Kety SS(1967). Biogenic amines and emotion. Science, 156(3771), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3771.21
  33. Serebruany VL, Glassman AH, Malinin AI, et al(2003). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors yield additional antiplatelet protection in patients with congestive heart failure treated with antecedent aspirin. Eur J Heart Fail, 5(4), 517-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-9842(03)00005-9
  34. Singhal AB, Topcuoglu MA, Dorer DJ, et al(2005). SSRI and statin use increases the risk for vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology, 64(6), 1008-1013. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000154523.21633.0E
  35. Sjosten N, Kivela SL(2006). The effects of physical exercise on depressive symptoms among the aged: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 21(5), 410-418. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1494
  36. Starkstein SE, Robinson RG(2000). Stroke. In: Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, 2nd Ed. by Coffey, C.E. & Cummings, J.L. American Psychiatric, 2, 601-620.
  37. Xiong GL, Jiang W, Clare R, et al(2006). Prognosis of patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors before coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol, 98(1), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.051