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Optimization of sterilization conditions for the production of retorted steamed egg using response surface methodology

반응표면분석을 이용한 레토르트 계란찜의 살균조건 최적화

  • Cheigh, Chan-Ick (Department of Food and Food Service Industry, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Mun, Ji-Hye (Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Chung, Myong-Soo (Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
  • 최찬익 (경북대학교 식품외식산업학과) ;
  • 문지혜 (이화여자대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 정명수 (이화여자대학교 식품공학과)
  • Received : 2018.04.13
  • Accepted : 2018.05.14
  • Published : 2018.06.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum sterilization conditions for the production of retorted steamed egg using response surface methodology. Sterilization processes for eighteen conditions using varying sterilization temperature ($X_1$), time ($X_2$), and method ($X_3$) as the independent variables were carried out through a $3^2{\times}2$ experimental factorial design. Quality evaluations after sterilization included measurements of $F_0$ value ($Y_1$), peak stress ($Y_2$), pH ($Y_3$), color value ($Y_{4-6}$), and organoleptic test [preference for appearance ($Y_7$), overall acceptability ($Y_8$), and preference for texture ($Y_9$) and egg taste ($Y_{10}$)]. Dependent variables ($Y_{1-10}$) of eighteen conditions were more affected by temperature and time than by the sterilization method. Eight factors were selected among the dependent variables as significant factors related to the quality of the steamed egg. Finally, by establishing an optimum range of each dependent variable and contour analysis, the optimum sterilization conditions for the production of steamed egg were determined to be $120^{\circ}C$ for 25 min using a 2-step sterilization process.

본 연구는 계란찜에 대한 다양한 살균조건을 적용 및 검토함으로써 그에 따른 품질적 특성을 평가하고 반응표면분석법을 이용해 품질 저하의 최소화와 미생물적 안전성을 확보한 계란찜의 상업적 생산과 상온유통이 가능한 최적 살균조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 예비실험을 통하여 적절한 살균강도를 가지도록 3가지 구간의 살균온도($X_1$: 115, 119, $123^{\circ}C$)와 3가지 살균시간($X_2$: 25, 35, 45 min), 2가지 구간의 살균방법($X_3$: 1단과 2단 살균)을 독립변수로 설정하였으며, 각각의 실험조건에 대한 평가를 할 수 있는 종속변수로서 $F_0$값, 최대응력(식감), pH, 색도(L, a, b값) 및 관능적 특성(외관선호도, 전반기호도, 식감선호도, 계란향미 선호도)에 대해 측정하여 통계 처리하였다. 대부분의 종속변수는 수치상으로 살균방법보다 살균온도와 살균시간에 훨씬 유의성이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 동일 살균온도와 살균시간에서는 2단 살균 시 유의적인 품질의 저하 없이 $F_0$값을 증가시키는 효과를 확인하였으며, 2단 살균과 같은 예비살균공정의 추가가 목표 $F_0$값에 도달하기 위한 살균온도 또는 살균시간을 줄이는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 최종적으로 계란찜의 살균조건을 최적화하기 위해 품질특성에 유의미한 결과가 도출된 8개의 종속 변수(Table 5)를 선정하여 최적 살균조건을 도출한 결과, 1단 살균에서는 종속변수들의 최적범위를 만족하는 살균조건이 약 $122.7-123^{\circ}C$와 25분 정도인 것으로 나타났으며, 2단 살균에서는 $119.7-120^{\circ}C$와 27-30분 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 살균방법까지 고려한 최적조건을 도출하기 위해 반응최적화 프로그램을 사용하여 전반 기호도와 외관 선호도를 극대화하는 최적조건을 도출하였을 때, 2단 살균에서 약 $120^{\circ}C$, 25분 살균 시 최적의 품질을 얻을 수 있다는 결론을 도출하였다.

Keywords

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