한국과학교육학회지 (Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education)

  • 제38권3호
  • /
  • Pages.319-329
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  • 2018
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  • 1226-5187(pISSN)
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  • 2288-8489(eISSN)
한국과학교육학회 (The Korean Association for Science Education)
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고등학교 과제 연구 수업에서 탐구 문제 도출 과정 탐색

Exploring the Development of Research Questions from High School Research Project

  • 투고 : 2018.03.20
  • 심사 : 2018.06.21
  • 발행 : 2018.06.30
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초록

'과제 연구'는 토론과 조사를 거쳐 특정 과학 과제를 선정하여 실험실습을 수행하고 결론을 도출하여 보고서를 작성하는 일련의 연구 과정을 체험하기 위한 과목이다. 이때 가치 있는 과학적 탐구 문제를 발견하는 것은 연구의 시작이라고도 할 수 있으며 그 중요성이 지속적으로 강조되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 고등학교 과제연구 수업에서 학생들의 탐구 문제 도출을 돕기 위한 다양한 전략을 마련하여 단계별로 적용하였다. 각 과정을 거치며 학생들의 탐구 문제가 어떻게 발전해 가는지 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 수업은 (1)개방적 문제 탐색, (2)문헌 연구 및 자료 검색, (3)탐구 문제의 변형 및 확장, (4)탐구문제의 공유 및 평가, (5)최종 선정 및 연구 계획서 작성 단계로 이루어져 있다. 이를 경기도에 위치한 일반고등학교 과제 연구 수업에 12차시 동안 적용하였다. 총 13명의 학생들은 3-4명씩 4개의 조를 이루어 연구를 수행하였다. 학생들의 연구 과정이 담긴 포트폴리오 및 연구 계획서를 수집하여 탐구 문제의 도출 과정을 조사하였다. 그 결과 학생들이 제시한 탐구 문제는 수업의 각 과정을 거치며 점차 구체화되었다. 또한 각 조가 도출한 탐구 문제는 수업의 각 단계에 따라 유사한 특징을 나타내었다. 개방적 문제 탐색 단계에서 관심주제를 확인하고 문헌 연구 및 자료 검색을 통해 실현 가능한 과학적 탐구 문제를 제시하기 시작했다. 탐구 문제의 변형 및 확장을 통해 탐구 문제와 관련된 다양한 변인을 찾을 수 있었으며 이를 동료들에게 공유하고 연구 계획서를 작성하면서 탐구 문제를 정확하고 구체적으로 서술할 수 있었다. 탐구 문제 도출을 돕기 위한 전략을 다양하게 투입함으로써 탐구 문제의 여러 가지 측면을 발전시키고 학생이 주도적으로 탐구 문제를 도출하도록 도울 수 있었다.

Research Projects allow students to experience of scientific research by conducting experiments on specific scientific subjects and writing reports. The process of research begins as students find and propose research questions and its importance has been consistently emphasized. In this study, we developed various strategies to support students to draw research questions and applied to each phase. We analyzed how students' research questions were developed at different phases. The program consists of five phases, such as (1) Exploration, (2) Literature Review and Data Collection, (3) Modification and Extension, (4) Sharing and Evaluation, (5) Final Selection and Research Plan. The program was applied to high school Research Project for 12 hours. A total of 13 students were divided into four groups of 3-4 students and conducted researches. The results of each student's research process and final research plans were then collected and analyzed. The overall quality of research questions produced by the students showed improvement in each phase. Each strategy improved in various aspects of the research questions at each level. Students were able to find their own area of interest in the 'Exploration' phase and then they began to suggest verifiable plans in the 'Literature and Data Collection' phase. They were able to find a variety of variables under the 'Modification and Extension' phase, whereas the precision of research questions improved in the 'Sharing and Evaluation' and the 'Final Selection and Research Plan' phase.

키워드

참고문헌

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피인용 문헌

  1. 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 과학탐구실험 교과서에 나타난 참탐구 요소 분석 vol.63, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2019.63.3.183