DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Exploring the Phenomenon of Consumers' Experiences of Reading Online Consumer Reviews

  • Park, Jee-Sun (Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University)
  • Received : 2018.06.11
  • Accepted : 2018.06.29
  • Published : 2018.07.30

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the analysis of the meanings and processes of reading online consumer reviews and to construct a substantive theory that explains the process involved with the phenomenon of reading consumer reviews. In order to explore the phenomenon, this study employs a qualitative methodology. Following the grounded theory perspective, the researcher conducted interviews with 17 participants, who have subsequently shopped online and utilized online consumer reviews for shopping, and decidedly employed in-depth interviews with those participants. Through coding and making constant comparison, several themes emerged: improving confidence, trusting reviews, getting a sense of who reviewers are, seeking balance, processing and handling negative reviews, experiencing vicariously, increasing searchability, getting a sense of who they are in terms of similarity, and seeking benefits and the usage situations from consumer based reviews. Among the emerging themes, improving confidence can be considered a core category, which is influenced by the analysis of trusting reviews and the consumer vicarious experiences with a product. Moreover, this study discusses the relationships among the themes. This study concludes with a discussion of the results, implications, and limitations.

Keywords

References

  1. Abelson, R. P. (1988). Conviction. American Psychologist, 43(4), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.43.4.267
  2. Ahn, S.-K. (2017). Exploring interpersonal trust online. Journal of Fashion Business, 21(6), 31-46. doi:10.12940/jfb.2017.21.6.31
  3. Bailey, A. A. (2005) Consumer awareness and use of product review websites. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 6, 68-81. doi:10.1080/15252019.2005.10722109
  4. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  5. Bennett, P. D., & Harrell, G. D. (1975). The role of confidence in understanding and predicting buyers' attitudes and purchase intentions. Journal of Consumer Research, 2(2), 110-117. doi:10.1086/208622
  6. Bergkvist, L. (2009). The role of confidence in attitude-intention and beliefs-attitude relationships. International Journal of Advertising, 28(5), 863-880. doi:10.2501/S026504870920093X
  7. Bickart, B., & Schindler, R. M. (2001). Internet forums as influential sources of consumer information. Journal of Interactive Marketing 15(3), 31-40. doi:10.1002/dir.1014
  8. Castano, R., Sujan, M., Kacker, M., & Sujan, H. (2008). Managing consumer uncertainty in the adoption of new products: Temporal distance and mental simulation. Journal of Marketing Research 45(3), 320-336. doi:10.1509/jmkr.45.3.320
  9. Cenfetelli, R. T., Benbasat, I., & Al-Natour, S. (2008). Addressing the what and how of online services: Positioning supporting-services functionality and service quality for business-to-consumer success. Information Systems Research, 19(2), 161-181. doi:10.1287/isre.1070.0163
  10. Chatterjee, P. (2001). Online reviews: Do consumers use them? Advances in Consumer Research, 28(1), 129-133.
  11. Chevalier, J. A., & Mayzlin, D. (2006). The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews. Journal of Marketing Research 43(3), 345-354. doi:10.1509/jmkr.43.3.345
  12. Chiou, J.-S., & Cheng, C. (2003). Should a company have message boards on its web sites? Journal of Interactive Marketing 17(3), 50-61. doi:10.1002/dir.10059
  13. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. L. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  14. Day, G. S. (1971) Attitude change, media and word of mouth. Journal of Advertising Research, 1(6), 31-40.
  15. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research (pp. 1-34). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  16. Deutsch, M. (1958). Trust and suspicion. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2(4), 265-279. doi:10.1177/002200275800200401
  17. Doh, S.-J., & Hwang, J.-S. (2009). How consumers evaluate eWOM (electronic word-of-mouth) messages. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(2), 193-197. doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0109
  18. Duan, W., Gu, B., & Whinston, A. B. (2008a). Do online reviews matter? - An empirical investigation of panel data. Decision Support Systems, 45(4), 1007-1016. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2008.04.001
  19. Duan, W., Gu, B., & Whinston, A. B. (2008b). The dynamics of online word-of-mouth and product sales-An empirical investigation of the movie industry. Journal of Retailing, 84(2), 233-242. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2008.04.005
  20. Fazio, R. H., & Zanna, M. P. (1981). Direct experience and attitude-behavior consistency. In B. Leonard (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 161-202). Academic Press.
  21. Flint, D. J., Woodruff, R. B., & Gardial, S. F. (2002). Exploring the phenomenon of customers' desired value change in a business-to-business context. Journal of Marketing, 66(4), 102-117. doi:10.1509/jmkg.66.4.102.18517
  22. Forman, C., Ghose, A., & Wiesenfeld, B. (2008). Examining the relationship between reviews and sales: The role of reviewer identity disclosure in electronic markets. Information Systems Research, 19(3), 291-313. doi:10.1287/isre.1080.0193
  23. Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  24. Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity. Mill Valley, CA: The Sociology Press.
  25. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New Brunswick: Aldine Transaction.
  26. Godes, D. & Mayzlin, D. (2004) Using online conversations to study word-of-mouth communication. Marketing Science, 23, 545-560. doi:10.1287/mksc.1040.0071
  27. Golicic, S. L., Davis, D. F., McCarthy, T. M., & Mentzer, J. T. (2002). The impact of e-commerce on supply chain relationships. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 32(10), 851-871. doi:10.1108/09600030210455447
  28. Gross, S. R., Holtz, R., & Miller, N. (1995). Attitude certainty In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 215-245). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  29. Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: What motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38-52. doi:10.1002/dir.10073
  30. Herr, P. M., Kardes, F. R. & Kim, J. (1991) Effects of word-of-mouth and product-attribute information on persuasion: An accessibility-diagnosticity perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 17, 454-462. https://doi.org/10.1086/208570
  31. Hirschman, E. C. (1986). Humanistic inquiry in marketing research: Philosophy, methods, and criteria. Journal of Marketing Research, 23, 237-249. doi:10.1086/208570
  32. Hoffman, D., Kumar, P., & Novak, T. (2003). How processing modes influence consumers' cognitive representations of product perceptions formed from similarity judgements. Advances in Consumer Research, 30(1), 177-178.
  33. Hu, N., Liu, L., & Zhang, J. (2008). Do online reviews affect product sales? The role of reviewer characteristics and temporal effects. Information Technology and Management, 9(3), 201-214. doi:10.1007/s10799-008-0041-2
  34. Hung, K. H., & Li, S. Y. (2007). The influence of eWOM on virtual consumer communities: Social capital, consumer learning, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Advertising Research, 47(4), 485-495. doi:10.2501/S002184990707050X
  35. Jain, S. P., & Posavac, S. S. (2001). Prepurchase attribute verifiability, source credibility, and persuasion. Journal of Consumer Psychology 11(3), 169-180. doi:10.1207/S15327663JCP1103_03
  36. Jim nez, F. R. & Mendoza, N. A. (2013) Too popular é to ignore: The influence of online reviews on purchase intentions of search and experience products. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27, 226-235. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2013.04.004
  37. Kempf, D. S., & Smith, R. E. (1998). Consumer processing of product trial and the influence of prior advertising: A structural modeling approach. Journal of Marketing Research, 325-338. doi:10.2307/3152031
  38. Kim, S. (2010a). Online word-of-mouth: Motivation for writing product reviews on Internet shopping sites. Journal of Fashion Business, 14(2), 81-94.
  39. Kim, S. (2010b). Negative e-WOM based consumer reviews of clothing on Internet open market site. Journal of Fashion Business, 14(5), 49-55.
  40. Kim, E., & Tadisina, S. (2007). A model of customers' trust in e-businesses: Micro-level inter-party trust formation. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 88-104.
  41. King, R. A., Racherla, P., & Bush, V. D. (2014). What we know and don't know about online word-of-mouth: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(3), 167-183. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2014.02.001
  42. Klein, L. R. (1998). Evaluating the potential of interactive media trough a new lens: Search versus experience goods. Journal of Business Research, 41(3), 195-203. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00062-3
  43. Krishnan, H. S., & Smith, R. E. (1998). The relative endurance of attitudes, confidence, and attitude-behavior consistency: The role of information source and delay. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7(3), 273-298. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp0703_03
  44. Lee, S., Lee, C., & Lee, M. (2016). The effect of online supporter's review directions on consumers' brand attitude and purchase intention: The role of brand awareness. Journal of Fashion Business, 20(6), 135-147. doi: 10.12940/jfb.2016.20.6.135
  45. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  46. Liu, Y. (2006). Word of mouth for movies: Its dynamics and impact on box office revenue. Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 74-89. doi: 10.1509/jmkg.70.3.74
  47. Majority of e-shoppers read customer reviews. (2008). New Media Age. 13.
  48. McCracken, G. (1988). The Long Interview. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
  49. Mitchell, A., & Khazanchi, D. (2010). The importance of BUZZ. Marketing Research, 22(2), 20-25.
  50. Mittal, B. (2004). Lack of attribute searchability: Some thoughts. Psychology & Marketing, 21(6), 443-462. doi: 10.1002/mar.20013
  51. Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers and users of market research: The dynamics of trust within and between organizations. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 314-328. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172742
  52. Morgan, R. M., & Shelby, D. H. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38. doi:10.2307/1252308
  53. Mudambi, S. M., & Schuff, D. (2010). What makes a helpful online review? A study of customer reviews on Amazon.com. MIS Quarterly, 34(1), 185-200. https://doi.org/10.2307/20721420
  54. Munzel, A. (2016) Assisting consumers in detecting fake reviews: The role of identity information disclosure and consensus. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 32, 96-108. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.06.002
  55. Nelson, P. (1970). Information and consumer behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 78(2), 311. https://doi.org/10.1086/259630
  56. Nelson, P. (1974). Advertising as information. The Journal of Political Economy, 82(4), 729-754. https://doi.org/10.1086/260231
  57. Online consumers place trust in user reviews. (2008). New Media Age, 11.
  58. Online shoppers trust brand with customer reviews. (2007). New Media Age, 11.
  59. Park, C.-H., & Kim, Y.-G. (2006). The effect of information satisfaction and relational benefit on consumers' online shopping site commitment. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 4(1), 70-90. doi:10.4018/jeco.2006010105
  60. Park, C., & Lee, T. M. (2009). Information direction, website reputation and eWOM effect: A moderating role of product type. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 61-67. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.11.017
  61. Park, D.-H., & Kim, S. (2008). The effects of consumer knowledge on message processing of electronic word-of-mouth via online consumer reviews. Electronic Commerce Research & Applications, 7(4), 399-410. doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2007.12.001
  62. Park, D.-H., & Lee, J. (2008). eWOM overload and its effect on consumer behavioral intention depending on consumer involvement. Electronic Commerce Research & Applications, 7(4), 386-398. doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2007.11.004
  63. Park, D.-H., Lee, J., & Han, I. (2008). The effect of on-line consumer reviews on consumer purchasing intention: The moderating role of involvement. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(4), 125-148. doi:10.2753/JEC1086-4415110405
  64. Park, D.-H., & Park, S.-B. (2008). The multipls source effect of online consumer reviews on brand evaluations: Test of the risk diversification hypothesis. Advances in Consumer Research, 35, 744-745.
  65. Pavlou, P. A., Liang, H., & Xue, Y. (2007). Understanding and mitigating uncertainty in online exchange relationships: A principal-agent perspective. MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 105-136. doi:10.2307/25148783
  66. Raden, D. (1985). Strength-related attitude dimensions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48(4), 312-330. doi:10.2307/2786693
  67. REI.com launches powerreviews solution. (2008). Apparel Magazine, 49, 16.
  68. Schindler, R. M., & Bickart, B. (2005). Published word of mouth: Referable, consider-generated information on the Internet. In Haugtvedt, C. P., Machleit, K. A., & R. F. Yalch (Eds.), Online consumer psychology: Understanding and influencing consumer behavior in the virtual world (pp.35-61). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  69. Sen, S., & Lerman, D. (2007). Why are you telling me this? An examination into negative consumer reviews on the Web. Journal of Interactive Marketing 21(4), 76-94. doi:10.1002/dir.20090
  70. Spreng, R. A., & Page, J. T. J. (2001). The impact of confidence in expectations on consumer satisfaction. Psychology & Marketing, 18(11), 1187-1204. doi:10.1002/mar.1049
  71. Stigler, G. J. (1961). The economics of information. The Journal of Political Economy, 69(3), 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1086/258464
  72. Strauss, A. L. (1982). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  73. Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633-642. doi:10.5465/amj.2006.22083020
  74. Teo, T. S. H., & Yu, Y. (2005). Online buying behavior: A transaction cost economics perspective. Omega, 33(5), 451-465. doi:10.1016/j.omega.2004.06.002
  75. Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2004). Source credibility and attitude certainty: A metacognitive analysis of resistance to persuasion. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(4), 427-442. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1404_11
  76. Urbany, J. E., Dickson, P. R., & Wilkie, W. L. (1989). Buyer uncertainty and information search. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), 208-215. doi:10.1086/209209
  77. Weathers, D., Sharma, S., & Wood, S. L. (2007). Effects of online communication practices on consumer perceptions of performance uncertainty for search and experience goods. Journal of Retailing, 83(4), 393-401. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2007.03.009
  78. Wright, A. A., & Lynch Jr, J. G. (1995). Communication effects of advertising versus direct experience when both search and experience attributes are present. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(4), 708-718. doi:10.1086/209429
  79. Xia, L., & Bechwati, N. N. (2008). Word of mouse: The role of cognitive personalization in online consumer reviews. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 9(1), 3-13. doi:10.1080/15252019.2008.10722143
  80. Yadav, M. S., & Varadarajan, P. R. (2005). Understanding product migration to the electronic marketplace: A conceptual framework. Journal of Retailing, 81(2), 125-140. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2005.03.006
  81. Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Gong, C., & Wu, H. (2002). Casual wear product attributes: A Chinese consumers' perspective. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 6(1), 53-62. doi:10.1108/13612020210422464