DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

System Level ESD Analysis - A Comprehensive Review I on ESD Generator Modeling

  • Yousaf, Jawad (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lee, Hosang (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Nah, Wansoo (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 투고 : 2018.01.31
  • 심사 : 2018.04.03
  • 발행 : 2018.09.01

초록

This study presents, for the first time, state-of-the art review of the various techniques for the modeling of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) generators for the ESD analysis and testing. After a brief overview of the ESD generator, the study provides an in-depth review of ESD generator modeling (analytical, circuit and numerical modeling) techniques for the contact discharge mode. The proposed techniques for each modeling approach are compared to illustrates their differences and limitations.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. C. Duvvury and H. Gossner, System Level ESD Co-Design. United Kingdom: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2015.
  2. J. Yousaf, M. Park, H. Lee, J. Youn, D. Lee, C. Hwang, and W. Nah, "Efficient circuit and an em model of an electrostatic discharge generator," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1078-1086, Aug 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2017.2787189
  3. P. Intra, A. Yawootti, U. Vinitketkumnuen, and N. Tippayawong, "Investigation on the electrical discharge characteristics of a unipolar corona-wire aerosol charger," Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 556-562, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5370/JEET.2011.6.4.556
  4. D. Pommerenke and M. Aidam, "Esd: waveform calculation, field and current of human and simulator esd," Journal of Electrostatics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 33 - 51, 1996, 1995 EOS/ESD Symposium. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3886(96)00028-9
  5. J. Yousaf, J. Shin, K. Kim, J. Youn, D. Lee, C. Hwang, and W. Nah, "System level esd coupling analysis using coupling transfer impedance function," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 310-321, April 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2017.2707580
  6. K. Wang, D. Pommerenke, R. Chundru, T. V. Doren, J. L. Drewniak, and A. Shashindranath, "Numerical modeling of electrostatic discharge generators," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 258-271, May 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2003.810817
  7. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Testing and Measurement Techniques Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Immunity Test, IEC 61000-4-2, 2008.
  8. D. Liu, A. Nandy, D. Pommerenke, S. J. Kwon, and K. H. Kim, "Full wave model for simulating a noiseken esd generator," in 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Austin, TX, USA, Aug 17-21 Aug. 2009, pp. 334-339.
  9. J. S. Lee Iljin, Kim Junghyun, "A g-band frequency doubler using a commercial 150 nm gaas phemt technology," J Electromagn Eng Sci, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 147-152, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5515/JKIEES.2017.17.3.147
  10. (2017) ESD compliance-standards. [Online]. Available: https://www.esdguns.com/content/category/6-esd-compliance-standards
  11. (2017) ESD Generator, NoisKen, Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.noiseken.com
  12. (2017) ESD Generators, Teseq, Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.teseq.com
  13. (2017) ESD Simulators, EM Test, Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.emtest.de/products/productGroups/ESD_generators php
  14. (2017) MiniZap-15 Generator, ThermoFisher Scientific, Inc. [Online]. Available: https://www.thermofisher.com/
  15. (2017) ESD Simulators, EMC Partner, Inc. [Online]. Available: https://www.emc-partner.com/
  16. (2017) ESD Generator, 3ctest, Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.3c-test.com/de/product/178
  17. (2017) 930D ESD Generator, Electro-tech Systems, Inc. [Online]. Available: https://www.electrotechsystems.com/
  18. (2017) ONYX ESD Simulator, HAEFELY HIPOTRONICS, Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.haefely-hipotronics.com/products/product/onyx-16/
  19. (2017) DITO ESD Generator, Amplifier Research Worldwide, Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.arww-rfmicro.com/html/00000.asp
  20. Road Vehicles Test Methods for Electrical Disturbances from Electrostatic Discharge, International Standards Organization (ISO) ISO 10 605:2008, 2008.
  21. R. K. Keenan and L. A. Rosi, "Some fundamental aspects of esd testing," in IEEE 1991 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA, Aug 12 July-16 Aug. 1991, pp. 236-241.
  22. S. V. den Berghe and D. D. Zutter, "Study of {ESD} signal entry through coaxial cable shields," Journal of Electrostatics, vol. 44, no. 34, pp. 135-148, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3886(98)00035-7
  23. S. Songlin, B. Zengjun, and T. Minghong, "A new analytical expression of current waveform in standard iec61000-4-2," High power laser and particle beams, vol. 15, no. 5; ISSU 71, pp. 464-466, 2003.
  24. Z. Yuan, T. Li, J. He, S. Chen, and R. Zeng, "New mathematical descriptions of esd current waveform based on the polynomial of pulse function," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 589-591, Aug 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2006.877786
  25. P. Katsivelis, I. Gonos, and I. Stathopulos, "Estimation of parameters for the electrostatic discharge current equation with real human discharge events reference using genetic algorithms," Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 10, p. 105703, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/10/105703
  26. P. K. Katsivelis, G. P Fotis, I. F. Gonos, T. G. Koussiouris, and I. A. Stathopulos, "Electrostatic discharge current linear approach and circuit design method," Energies, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 1728, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3390/en3111728
  27. K. Wang, J. Wang, and X. Wang, "Four order electrostatic discharge circuit model and its simulation," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2006-2012, 2012.
  28. V. Javor, "New function for representing iec 61000-4-2 standard electrostatic discharge current," Facta Universitatis, Series: Electronics and Energetics, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 509-520, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2298/FUEE1404509J
  29. K. Lundengard, M. Rancic, V. Javor, and S. Silvestrov, "Multi-peaked analytically extended function representing electrostatic discharge (ESD) currents," in International Conference on Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Aerospace and Sciences, ser. American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 1798, Jan. Jan. 2017, p. 020093.
  30. N. Murota, "Determination of characteristics of the discharge current by the human charge model esd simulator," Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications), vol. 80, no. 10, pp. 49-57, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6424(199710)80:10<49::AID-ECJA6>3.0.CO;2-L
  31. H. Tanaka, O. Fujiwara, and Y. Yamanaka, "A circuit approach to simulate discharge current injected in contact with an esd-gun," in 2002 3rd International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Beijing, China, May 21-24 May 2002, pp. 486^89.
  32. F. Centola, D. Pommerenke, W. Kai, T. V. Doren, and S. Caniggia, "Esd excitation model for susceptibility study," in 2003 IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Symposium Record (Cat. No. 03CH37446), vol. 1, Boston, MA, USA, USA, Aug 18-22 Aug. 2003, pp. 58-63.
  33. O. Fujiwara, H. Tanaka, and Y. Yamanaka, "Equivalent circuit modeling of discharge current injected in contact with an esd-gun," Electrical Engineering in Japan, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 8-14, 2004. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.10367
  34. Z. Changqing, L. Sanghe, and W. Ming, "Analytic expression and numerical solution of esd current," High Voltage Engineering, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 22-24, 2005.
  35. S. Caniggia and F. Maradei, "Circuit and numerical modeling of electrostatic discharge generators," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1350-1357, Nov 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2006.882686
  36. J. Koo, Q. Cai, G. Muchaidze, A. Martwick, K. Wang, and D. Pom-merenke, "Frequency-domain measurement method for the analysis of esd generators and coupling," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 504-511, Aug 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2007.902190
  37. L. Lou, C. Duvvury, A. Jahanzeb, and J. Park, "Spice simulation methodology for system level esd design," in Electrical Overstress/Electrostatic Discharge Symposium Proceedings 2010, Reno, NV, USA, Oct 3-8 Oct. 2010, pp. 1-10.
  38. F. zur Nieden, S. Frei, and D. Pommerenke, "A combined impedance measurement method for esd generator modeling," in 10th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, York, UK, Sept 26-30 Sept. 2011, pp. 476-481.
  39. H. Hirose, T. Yoshida, and N. Masui, "Calculation method of rlc constant for equivalent circuit of various electrostatic discharge," Journal of Institute of Electronics Japan .(Japanese Edition), vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 14-19, 2012.
  40. T. Takada, T. Sekine, and H. Asai, "Circuit/electromagnetic hybrid simulation of electrostatic discharge in contact discharge mode," in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE), 2012 International Symposium on, Rome, Italy, Sept 17-21 Sept. 2012, pp. 1-6.
  41. R. Mertens, H. Kunz, A. Salman, G. Boselli, and E. Rosenbaum, "A flexible simulation model for system level esd stresses with application to esd design and troubleshooting," in Electrical Overstress / Electrostatic Discharge Symposium Proceedings 2012, Tucson, AZ, USA, Sept 9-14 Sept. 2012, pp. 1-6.
  42. T. Yoshida and N. Masui, "A study on system-level esd stress simulation using circuit simulator," in 2013 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), Melbourne, VIC, Australia, May 20-23 May 2013, pp. 1-4.
  43. Y. Zhou and J. J. Hajjar, "A circuit model of electrostatic discharge generators for esd and emc spice simulation," in 2014 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits, Chengdu, China, June 18-20 June 2014, pp. 1-2.
  44. J. Kim, "Basic understanding of esd," in EMC Korea 2015, Seoul, South Korea, July 23 July 2015, pp. 103-127.
  45. Y. Xiu, N. Thomson, R. Mertens, and E. Rosenbaum, "S-parameter based modeling of system-level esd test bed," in 2015 37th Electrical Overstress/Electrostatic Discharge Symposium (EOS/ESD), Reno, NV, USA, Sept 27 Sept.-2 Oct. 2015, pp. 1-10.
  46. J. Yousaf, J. Shin, H. Lee, W. Nah, J. Youn, D. Lee, and C. Hwang, "Efficient circuit and em model of electrostatic discharge generator," in 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility Signal/Power Integrity (EMCSI), Washington, DC, USA, Aug 7-11 Aug. 2017, pp. 164-168.
  47. O. Fujiwara, X. Zhang, and Y. Yamanaka, "Fdtd simulation of electrostatic discharge current by esd testing," IEICE Trans. Commun. , vol. 86, pp. 2390-2396, 2003.
  48. C. Qing, J. Koo, A. Nandy, D. Pommerenke, J. S. Lee, and B. S. Seol, "Advanced full wave esd generator model for system level coupling simulation," in 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Detroit, MI, USA, Aug 18-22 Aug. 2008, pp. 1-6.
  49. J. Koo, Q. Cai, K. Wang, J. Maas, T. Takahashi, A. Martwick, and D. Pommerenke, "Correlation between eut failure levels and esd generator parameters," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 794-801, Nov 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2008.2005403
  50. J. Yousaf, J. Shin, R. Leqian, W. Nah, J. Youn, D. Lee, and C. Hwang, "Effect of esd generator ground strap configuration on esd waveform," in 2017 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), Seoul, South Korea, June 20-23 June 2017, pp. 121-123.
  51. J. Yousaf, J. Shin, H. Lee, J. Youn, D. Lee, C. Hwang, and W. Nah, "Esd triggered current analysis for floating eut with/without shielding of esd generator," in 16th International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Technology, Seoul, South Korea, June 26-28 June 2017, pp. 1-4.
  52. (2017) NSG 437 ESD Simulator, Teseq, Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.teseq.com/products/NSG-437.php.
  53. G. Fotis and L. Ekonomou, "Parameters optimization of the electrostatic discharge current equation," Int. Journal on Power System Optimization, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 75-80, 2011.
  54. F. Heidler, "Analytische blitzstromfunktion zur lempberechnung," in Proc. 18th Int. Conf. Lightning Protection, Munich, Germany, 1985, pp. 63-66.
  55. G. Cerri, R. D. Leo, and V. M. Primiani, "Esd indirect coupling modeling," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 274-281, Aug 1996. https://doi.org/10.1109/15.536056
  56. G. P. Fotis, I. F. Gonos, and I. A. Stathopulos, "Determination of discharge current equation parameters of esd using genetic algorithms," Electronics Letters, vol. 42, no. 14, pp. 797-799, July 2006. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20060767
  57. V. C. Vita, G. Fotis, and L. Ekonomou, "An optimization algorithm for the calculation of the electrostatic discharge current equations parameters," Wseas Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 15, pp. 224-228, 2016.
  58. V. C. Vita, G. Fots, and L. Ekonomou, "Parameters optimization methods for the electrostatic discharge current equation," Int. Journal of Energy, vol. 11, pp. 1-6, 2017.
  59. B. S. Seol, J. S. Lee, J. D. Lim, H. Lee, H. Park, A. Nandy, and D. Pommerenke, "A circuit model for esd performance analysis of printed circuit boards," in 2008 Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging and Systems Symposium, Seoul, South Korea, Dec 10-12 Dec. 2008, pp. 120-123.
  60. J. Yousaf, H. Jung, K. Kim, and W. Nah, "Design, analysis, and equivalent circuit modeling of dual band pifa using a stub for performance enhance-ment," Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering And Science, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 169-181, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5515/JKIEES.2016.16.3.169
  61. (2017) Microwave Studio, Computer Simulation Technology (CST). [Online]. Available: http://www.cst.com
  62. G. Alsharahi, A. M. M. Mostapha, A. Faize, and A. Driouach, "Modelling and simulation resolution of ground-penetrating radar antennas," Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering And Science, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 182-190, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5515/JKIEES.2016.16.3.182
  63. P. Leuchtmann and J. Sroka, "Transient field simulation of electrostatic discharge (esd) in the calibration setup (ace. iec 61000-4-2)," in Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2000. IEEE International Symposium on, vol. 1, Washington, DC, USA, 21-25 Aug. 2000, pp. 443-448.
  64. (2017) Web Plot Digitizer. [Online]. Available: http://arohatgi.info/WebPlotDigitizer/

피인용 문헌

  1. Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis of System Level ESD Noise Coupling to High-Speed Memory Modules vol.8, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020210