참고문헌
- Ahn, J. J., Hwang, T. Y. and Kim, H. S. 2015. Study on the physiological actiVit.ies of Cleyera japonica extract. J. Plant Res. 28, 153-157.
- Akiyama, H., Sakushima, J., Taniuchi, S., Kanda, T., Yanagida, A., Kojima, T., Teshima, R., Kobayashi, Y., Goda, Y. and Toyoda, M. 2000. Antiallergic effect of apple polyphenols on the allergic model mouse. J. Bio. Pharm. Bull. 23, 1370-1373. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.23.1370
-
Alvarez, P. E., Laura, A., Torres, R. F., Rodrigo, G. J., Gonzalez, A. G. A. 2005. Complexation of apple antioxidants: chlorogenic acid, quercetin and rutin by
${\beta}$ -cyclodextrin (${\beta}$ - CD). J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 53, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-005-1620-z - Ando, H. Y., Niki, M., Ito, K., Akiyama, M. S., Matsui, D. B., Yarosh, M. and Ichihashi, M. 2012. Melanosomes are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes through the processes of packaging, release, uptake, and dispersion. J. Invest. Dermatol. 132, 1222-1229. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.413
- Ando, S. O., Ando, Y. S. and Mishima, Y. 1993. Tyrosinase gene transcription and its control by melanogenetic inhibitor. J. Invest. Dermatol. 100, 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1993.68
- Bentley, N. J., Eisen, T. and Goding, C. R. 1994. Melanocytespecific expression of the human tyrosinase promoter: activation by the microphthalmia gene product and role of the initiator. J. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 7996-8006. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.14.12.7996
- Boyer, J. and Liu, R. H. 2004. Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. J. Nutr. 3, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-3-5
- Choi, J. E. and Moon, J. S. 2017. Physiological activities of parsley extracts as an ingredient of function cosmetics. Asian J. Beauty Cosmetol. 15, 501-511. https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2017.0168
- Choi, S. J., Cho, E. A., Cho, E. H., Jeong, Y. J., Ku, C. S., Ha, B. J. and Chae, H. J. 2011. Screening of functional materials from solvent fractions of apple flower leaf extract. J. KSBB. 26, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2011.26.2.165
-
Friedmann, P. S., Wren, F., Buffey, J. and Macneil, S. 1990.
${\alpha}$ -MSH causes a small rise in cAMP but has no effect on basal or ultraviolet-stimulated melanogenesis in human melanocytes. Br. J. Dermatol. 123, 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01841.x - Han, S. B., Kwon, S. S., Kong, B. J., Kim, K. J. and Park, S. N. 2013. Antioxidative effect and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the unripened fruit extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel. J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea 39, 295-302. https://doi.org/10.15230/SCSK.2013.39.4.295
- Han, Y. S. and Jung, E. S. 2003. A study of correlation between antioxidant activity and whitening effect of plant extracts. Asian J. Beauty Cosmetol. 1, 11-22.
- Hearing, V. J. 1999. Biochemical control of melanogenesis and melanosomal organization. J. Invest. Dermatol. 4, 24-28. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jidsp.5640176
- Hunt, G., Todd, C., Cresswell, J. E. and Thody, A. J. 1994. Alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone and its analogue Nle4DPhe7 alpha-MSH affect morphology, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in cultured human melanocytes. J. Cell. Sci. 107, 205-211.
- Iwata, M., Corn, T., Iwata, S., Everett, M. A. and Fuller, B. B. 1990. The relationship between tyrosinase activity and skin color in human foreskins. J. Invest. Dermatol. 95, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12872677
- Jin, Y. H., Lee, S. J., Chung, M. H., Park, J. H., Park, Y. I., Cho, T. H. and Lee, S. K. 1999. Aloesin and arbutin inhibit tyrosinase activity in a synergistic manner via a different action mechanism. J. Arch. Pharm. Res. 22, 232-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976355
- Jeong, S. J., Kim, K. H. and Yook, H. S. 2015. Whitening and Antioxidant Activities of Solvent Extracts from Hot-Air Dried Allium hookeri. J. Kor. Soc Food Sci. Nutr. 44, 832-839. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.6.832
- Jung, B. R., Jung, J. G., Cho, S. S. and Bang, M. A. 2017. Inhibitory effects on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells of fallen pear. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 46, 320-326. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2017.46.3.320
- Kang, M. C., Lee, J. Y., Lee, J. A., Han, J. H., Kim, B. S. and Kim, G. O. 2008. Antioxidant effects and melanin inhibitory effect of natural Pimpinella komarovii extracts in Jeju island. J. KSBB. 23, 77-82.
- Kim, M. J., Kim, Y. G., Kim, H. S., Cheong, C., Jang, K. H. and Kang, S. A. 2014. Effects of antioxidant activities in ethanol extract of apple peel, grape peel, and sweet potato peel as natural antioxidant. J. JKAIS. 15, 3766-3773.
- Kim, S. H. and Park, I. 2013. Comparison of antioxidant actiVit.ies of various meat broths served with oriental noodles. Kor. J. Food Nutr. 26, 150-153. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2013.26.1.150
- Miura, D., Miura, Y. and Yagasaki, K. 2007. Effect of apple polyphenol extract on hepatoma proliferation and invasion in culture and on tumor growth, metastasis, and abnormal lipoprotein profiles in hepatoma-bearing rats. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 71, 2743-2750. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.70359
- Park, H. Y., Kosmadaki, M., Yaar, M. and Gilchrest, B. A. 2009. Cellular mechanisms regulating human melanogenesis. J. Cell. Mol. Life. Sci. 66, 1493-1506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-009-8703-8
- Park, J. G., Kramer, B. S., Steinberg, S. M., Carmichael, J., Collins, J. M., Minna, J. D. and Gazdar, A. F. 1987. Chemosensitivity testing of human colorectal carcinoma cell lines using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. J. Cancer Res. 47, 5875-5879.
-
Park, S. Y., Jin, M. L., Kim, Y. H., Kim, Y. and Lee, S. J. 2011. Aromatic-turmerone inhibits
${\alpha}$ -MSH and IBMX-induced melanogenesis by inactivating CREB and MITF signaling pathways. J. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 303, 737-744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-011-1155-7 - Poprac, P., Jomova, K., Simunkova, M., Kollar, V., Rhodes, C. J. and Valko, M. 2017. Targeting free radicals in oxidative stress-related human diseases. J. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 38, 592-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2017.04.005
- Sanchez, F. A., Rodriguez, L. J. N., Garcia, C. F. and Garcia, C. F. 1995. Tyrosinase a compre hensive review of its mechanism. J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1247, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(94)00204-T
- Stracke, B. A., Rufer, C. E., Bub, A., Seifert, S., Weibel, F. P, Kunz, C. and Watzl, B. 2010. No effect of the farming system (organic/conventional) on the bioavailability of apple (Malus domestica Bork., cultivar Golden Delicious) polyphenols in healthy men: a comparative study. Eur. J. Nutr. 49, 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-009-0088-9
- Seiberg, M. 2001. Keratinocyte-melanocyte interactions during melanosome transfer. J. Pigment Cell Res. 14, 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140402.x
- Wolfe, K., Wu, X. and Liu, R. H. 2003. Antioxidant act activity of apple peels. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 609-614. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020782a
- Won, H. R., Park, M. W. and Choi, M. Y. 2005. Antioxidant properties of unripened apple extracts. Kor. J. Community Living Sci. 16, 11-16.
- Yasumoto, K., Yokoyama, K., Takahashi, K., Tomita, Y. and Shibahara, S. 1997. Functional analysis of microphthalmiaassociated transcription factor in pigment cell-specific transcription of the human tyrosianse family genes. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 503-509. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.1.503
- Yoo, Y. K., Park, E. Y. and Kim, Y. C. 2013. Antioxidative ability and whitening efficacy of peel's water extracts from plum (Hongrosen and Hollywood). J. Kor. Soc. Cosm. 19, 516-523.
- Yun, H. J., Lim, S. Y., Hur, J. M., Jeong, J. W., Yang, S. H. and Kim, D. H. 2007. Changes of functional compounds in, and texture characteristics of apples, during post-irradiation storage at different temperatures. J. Food Preserv. 14, 239-246.