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한국 영·유아의 식생활 현황 연구 : 2013~ 2015년도 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여

Dietary status of young children in Korea based on the data of 2013~ 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

  • 김은경 (상명대학교 자연과학연구소) ;
  • 송병춘 (건국대학교 의료생명대학 식품학전공) ;
  • 주세영 (건국대학교 의료생명대학 식품학전공)
  • Kim, Eun-kyung (Research Institute of Natural Science, Sangmyung University) ;
  • Song, Byengchun (Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Ju, Se-Young (Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University)
  • 투고 : 2018.05.17
  • 심사 : 2018.07.22
  • 발행 : 2018.08.31

초록

본 연구에서는 2013 ~ 2015년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 만 1~5세의 영 유아의 전반적인 식생활의 현황을 파악하고자 유아와 어머니의 일반적 사항, 유아의 식생활과 질병 유무, 영양섭취 상태 및 다소비 식품에 대한 조사를 시행하였다. 영 유아에게 생우유를 먹이기 시작하는 시기는 평균 14 ~ 15개월이었고 이유식 시기는 평균 6.2개월인 것으로 조사되었다. 주 5~7회 아침 식사를 하는 대상자는 82.0%, 아침 식사를 거의 하지 않는 대상자는 2.3%였다. 주 5~6회 외식하는 대상자가 35.8%로 가장 많았다. 천식과 아토피, 알레르기성 비염의 유병률은 3~5세 유아의 경우가 1~2세 영 유아에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 영 유아의 영양소 섭취상태는 에너지, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지질 등 주요 영양소는 충분히 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 대부분의 주요 무기질 (인, 철 및 나트륨)과 비타민(비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신 및 비타민 C)도 충분히 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 3~5세의 유아의 칼슘의 평균 필요량이 470 mg (권장량 600 mg)이 칼륨은 2,300 mg인데 실제 섭취량은 칼슘이 438.6 mg이고, 칼륨은 1,873.7 mg으로 부족하게 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한국인의 에너지 필요 추정량보다 적게 섭취한 대상자는 1~2세에서는 44.1%, 3 ~ 5세에서는 57.4%로 조사되었으며, 칼슘과 칼륨을 필요량보다 적게 섭취하는 대상자의 수도 각각 1~2세에서 51%와 79.5%, 3 ~ 5세에서 64%와 75.5%로 높게 나타났다. 식품군별 섭취량은 감자 및 전분류, 당류, 채소류, 달걀류, 기름 및 지방, 음료류, 조미료의 섭취량은 3~5세 유아가 1~2세 영 유아보다 많았으나, 콩류와 우유 및 유제품의 섭취량은 1~2세 영 유아가 3~5세 유아보다 많았다. 그리고 1~2세 영 유아의 다소비식품은 우유, 흰쌀, 사과, 호상 요구르트, 달걀, 액상 요구르트 순으로 나타났다. 3 ~ 5세 유아의 다소비 식품은 우유, 흰쌀, 사과, 달걀, 귤, 과일음료, 호상 요구르트 순으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 이용하여 향후 지속 가능한 식생활 교육 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 한다.

Purpose: This study examined the dietary habits and nutritional status of young children in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from the 2013 ~ 2015 KNHNES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) by health behavior interviews and the 24-hour dietary recall method. This study included 1,214 (445 aged 1 ~ 2 years, 769 aged 3 ~ 5 years) young children aged 1 ~ 5 years. To analyze the dietary status of young children, the general characteristics of young children and their mothers, their dietary behaviors and health factors, and nutritional status and frequently consumed foods were analyzed. Results: The starting time of bovine milk and weaning were 14 ~ 15 months and 6.2 months, respectively. Eighty two percent of young children ate breakfast 5 ~ 7 times per week while only 2.3% of them skipped breakfast. The highest percentage (35.8%) of the frequency of eating-out was 5 ~ 6 times per week. The prevalence of asthma, atopy, and allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in young children 3 ~ 5 years old than in those 1 ~ 2 years old. The subjects with lower recommended energy intake were 44.1% and 57.4% of young children 1 ~ 2 years old and 3 ~ 5 years old, respectively. Most nutrients except calcium and potassium were taken enough. For the intakes of calcium and potassium, 51% and 64% of young children 1 ~ 2 years and 3 ~ 5 years old, respectively, were taking less than the recommended calcium intake, and 79.5% and 75.5% of young children 1 ~ 2 years and 3 ~ 5 years old, respectively, did not meet the recommended potassium intake. The frequently consumed foods of young children 1 ~ 2 years old were milk, white rice, apple, curd yogurt, and egg, and those of 3 ~ 5 years old children were milk, white rice, apple, egg, and mandarin. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to provide basic data for the nutritional education of mothers and teachers and assist in the development of sustainable dietary programs for young children.

키워드

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