Environmental Engineering Research

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
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Exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using ethanol-in-palm oil/diesel microemulsion-based biofuels

  • Charoensaeng, Ampira (The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University) ;
  • Khaodhiar, Sutha (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University) ;
  • Sabatini, David A. (School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, The University of Oklahoma) ;
  • Arpornpong, Noulkamol (Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University)
  • Received : 2017.12.11
  • Accepted : 2018.02.02
  • Published : 2018.09.30
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Abstract

The use of palm oil and diesel blended with ethanol, known as a microemulsion biofuel, is gaining attention as an attractive renewable fuel for engines that may serve as a replacement for fossil-based fuels. The microemulsion biofuels can be formulated from the mixture of palm oil and diesel as the oil phase; ethanol as the polar phase; methyl oleate as the surfactant; alkanols as the cosurfactants. This study investigates the influence of the three cosurfactants on fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions in a direct-injection (DI) diesel engine. The microemulsion biofuels along with neat diesel fuel, palm oil-diesel blends, and biodiesel-diesel blends were tested in a DI diesel engine at two engine loads without engine modification. The formulated microemulsion biofuels increased fuel consumption and gradually reduced the nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) emissions and exhaust gas temperature; however, there was no significant difference in their carbon monoxide (CO) emissions when compared to those of diesel. Varying the carbon chain length of the cosurfactant demonstrated that the octanol-microemulsion fuel emitted lower CO and $NO_x$ emissions than the butanol- and decanol-microemulsion fuels. Thus, the microemulsion biofuels demonstrated competitive advantages as potential fuels for diesel engines because they reduced exhaust emissions.

Keywords

References

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