Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology (한국응용과학기술학회지)

The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technology (한국응용과학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Dietary Probiotic Mixture on Caecal Microflora, Immune Response, Egg Quality and Production of Layerunder Heat Stress

혼합 생균제가 열 스트레스에 노출된 산란계의 생산성, 계란품질, 면역반응 및 맹장 미생물에 미치는 효과

  • Song, Young-Han (College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Goh, Yong Gyun (College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Um, Kyung-Hwan (College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Byung-Sung (College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University)
  • 송영한 (강원대학교 동물생명과학대학) ;
  • 고용균 (강원대학교 동물생명과학대학) ;
  • 엄경환 (강원대학교 동물생명과학대학) ;
  • 박병성 (강원대학교 동물생명과학대학)
  • Received : 2018.08.08
  • Accepted : 2018.09.15
  • Published : 2018.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic mixture on fecal ammonia, caecal microorganism, immune response, egg quality and production in layer under heat stress (HS).A total of four hundred 50 week olds Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into four groups of 100 heads each: C (control, room temperature $25^{\circ}C$), HS (heat stress $33^{\circ}C$), PM (HS plus probiotic mixture 500, 750 mg/kg of diets). Egg production, egg quality, spleen weight, blood IgG and lymphocyte concentrations were increased in the PM group compared to the HS group, while mortality, the heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, and corticosterone levelswere significantly decreased. Lactobacillus was increased in the PM group compared to the HS group, but E. coli, coliform bacteria and aerobic bacteria were significantly reduced. Fecal ammonia production was significantly increased in the HS group compared to the PM group. In conclusion, the results of this study that these mixed probiotics can reduce the heat damage of the summer laying hens and can be an effective nutritional strategy to reduce odor generation from feces, and to improve egg quality and laying production through immune response and caecal microbial balance.

본 연구는 열 스트레스 (heat stress, HS)에 노출된 산란계에서 혼합 생균제의 급여가 생산성, 계란품질, 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 및 분 암모니아에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 총 400마리의 50주령 Hy-Line brown 산란계를 무작위로 각각 100마리씩 4 그룹, C (대조군, 실온 $25^{\circ}C$), HS (열 스트레스 $33^{\circ}C$), HSP (HS 플러스 혼합 생균제 500, 750 mg/kg)로 배치하였다. 산란계의 생산성, 계란품질, 비장 무게, 혈액 IgG 및 lymphocyte 농도는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였고, 코르티코스테론, heterophil과 lymphocyte의 비율 (H:L) 및 폐사율은 유의하게 낮았다. Lactobacillus는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였으나 Escherichiacoli (E. coli), coliform bacteria 및 aerobic bacteria는 유의하게 낮았다. 분에서 암모니아 발생은 HS 그룹이 HSP 그룹에 비해서 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론적으로, 이러한 혼합 생균제가 여름철 산란계의 더위 피해를 방해주고 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 균형을 경유하여 생산성, 계란품질 및 계분으로부터 악취 발생을 줄이는 데 효율적인 영양전략이 될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

Keywords

References

  1. M. M. Rojas-Downing, A. P. Nejadhashemi, S.A. Woznicki, "Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation", Climate Risk Management, Vol. 16, pp. 145-163, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.001
  2. W. Deng, X. F. Dong, J. M. Tong, Q. Zhang, "The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens", Poultry Science, Vol. 91, pp. 575-582, (2012). https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-01293
  3. P. Zhang, T. Yan, X. Wang, S. Kuang, Y. Xiao, W. Lu, D. Bi, "Probiotic mixture ameliorates heat stress of laying hens by enhancing intestinal barrier function and improving gut microbiota", Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 16, pp. 292-300, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2016.1264261
  4. S. Hemaiswarya, R. Raja, R. Ravikumar, I. S. Carvalho, "Mechanism of action of probiotics", Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, Vol. 56, pp. 113-119, (2013). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132013000100015
  5. C. Forte, L. Moscati, G. Acuti, C. Mugnai, M. P. Franciosini, S. Costarelli, G. Cobellis, M. Trabalza-Marinucci, "Effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on laying performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry and immune response of organic laying hens", Journal of Animal Physiologyand Animal Nutrition, Vol. 100, pp. 977-987, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12408
  6. M. Gnanadesigan, S. Isabella, P. Saritha, L. Ramkumar, N. Manivannan, R. Ravishanka, "Quality evaluation of egg composition and productivity of layers in EM (effective microorganisms) treatments: A field report", Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, Vol. 1, pp. 161-166, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2014.06.003
  7. M. E. Koenen, J. Kramer, R. Van Der Hulst, L. Heres, S. H. M. Jeurissen, W. J. A. Boersma, "Immunomodulation by probiotic lactobacilli in layer and meat-type chickens", British Poultry Science, Vol. 45, pp. 355-366, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660410001730851
  8. Z. F. Zhang, I. H. Kim, "Effects of probiotic supplementation in different energy and nutrient density diets on performance, egg quality, excreta microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and serum cholesterol concentrations in laying hens", Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 91, pp. 4781-4787, (2013). https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6484
  9. S. Sugiharto, T. Yudiarti, I. Isroli, E. Widiastuti, E. Kusumanti, "Dietary supplementation of probiotics in poultry exposed to heat stress-A review", AnnalsAnimal Science, Vol. 17, pp. 591-604, (2017).
  10. S. Han, M. H. Cho, K. S. Whang, "Comparison of phylogenetic characteristics of bacterial populations in a quercus and pine humus forest soil", Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 44, pp. 237-243, (2008).
  11. H. S. Kim, Y. H. Kim, O. J. Yoo, J. J. Lee, "Aclacinomycin X, a novel anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces galilaeus ATCC 31133", Journal of Pharmacology Science, Vol. 12, pp. 222-224, (1996).
  12. V. Kurtoglu, F. Kurtoglu, E. Seker, B. Coskun, T. Balevi, E. S. Polat, "Effect of probiotic supplementation on laying hen diets on yield performance and serum and egg yolk cholesterol", Food Additives & Contaminants, Vol. 21, pp. 817-823, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030310001639530
  13. NRC, Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, Eighth Edition. The national academies press. Washington, DC. USA, (2010).
  14. NRC, Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.USA, (1994).
  15. H. W. Cheng, S. D. Eicher, Y. Chen, P. Singleton, W. M. Muir, "Effect of genetic selection for group productivity and longevity on immunological and hematological parameters of chickens", Poultry Science, Vol. 80, pp. 1079-1086, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.8.1079
  16. J. S. Shin, B. K. Yang, B. S. Park, "Influence of metabolizable energy on histology of liver and duodenal villus, microflora, heat shock protein gene in duck under heat stress", Journal of Korean Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 34,pp. 613-622, (2017).
  17. L. J. Lara, M. H. Rostagno, "Impact of heat stress on poultry production, Animals", Vol. 3, pp. 356-369, (2013). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3020356
  18. C. Lexopoulus, L. E. Georgoulakis, A. Tzivara, S. K. Kritas, A. Siochu, S. C. Kyriaki, "Field evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores, on the health status and performance of sow and their litters", Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Vol. 88, pp. 381-392, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2004.00492.x
  19. S. U. Mahfuz, M. J. Nahar, C. Mo, Z. Ganfu, L. Zhongjun, S. Hui, "Inclusion of probiotic on chicken performance and immunity: A review", International Journal of Poultry Science. Vol. 16, pp. 328-335, (2017). https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2017.328.335
  20. S. M. L. Kabir, "The role of probiotics in the poultry industry", International Journal of Molecular Science, Vol. 10, pp. 3531-3546, (2009). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10083531
  21. M. Fathi, I. Al-Homidan, A. Al-Dokhail, T. Ebeid, O. Abou-Emera, A. Alsagan, "Effects of dietary probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation on productive erformance, immune response and egg quality characteristics in laying hens under high ambient temperature", Italian Journal of Animal Science. Published online: 16 Jan. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1425104, pp. 1-11, (2008).
  22. J. N. Felver-Gant, L.A. Mack, R.L. Dennis, S. D. Eicher, H. W. Cheng, "Genetic variations alter physiological responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens", Poultry Science, Vol. 91, pp. 1542-1551, (2012). https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01988
  23. P. T. N. Lan, M. Sakamoto, Y. Benno, "Effects of two probiotic Lactobacillus strains on jejunal and cecal microbiota of broiler chicken under acute heat stress condition as revealed by molecular analysis of 16S rRNA genes", Microbiology and Immunology, Vol. 48, pp. 917-929, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03620.x
  24. Z. F. Zhang, J. H Cho, I. H. Kim, "Effects of Bacillus subtilis UBT-MO2 on growth performance, relative immune organ weight, gas concentration in excreta, and intestinal microbial shedding in broiler chickens", Livestock Science, Vol. 155, pp. 343-347, (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.05.021
  25. H. Wang, J. Gong, W. F. Wang, Y. Q. Long, X. C. Fu, Y. Fu, W. Qian, X. H. Hou, "Are there any different effects of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus on intestinal sensation, barrier function and intestinal immunity in PI-IBS mouse model?", PLoS ONE. 9:e90153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090153, (2014).
  26. J. W. Park, J. S. Jeong, S. I. Lee, I. H. Kim, "Effect of dietary supplementation with a probiotic (Enterococcus faecium) on production performance, excreta microflora, ammonia emission, and nutrient utilization in ISA brown laying hens", Poultry Science, Vol. 95, pp. 2829-2835, (2016). https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew241