Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical simulation of shear mechanism of concrete specimens containing two coplanar flaws under biaxial loading

  • Sarfarazi, Vahab (Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology) ;
  • Haeri, Hadi (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Bafgh Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Bagheri, Kourosh (Department of civil engineering, Malard Branch, Islamic Azad University)
  • Received : 2018.07.01
  • Accepted : 2018.09.21
  • Published : 2018.10.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of non-persistent joints was determined on the behavior of concrete specimens subjected to biaxial loading through numerical modeling using particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D). Firstly, a numerical model was calibrated by uniaxial, Brazilian and triaxial experimental results to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical model's response. Secondly, sixteen rectangular models with dimension of 100 mm by 100 mm were developed. Each model contains two non-persistent joints with lengths of 40 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The angularity of the larger joint changes from $30^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$. In each configuration, the small joint angularity changes from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ in $30^{\circ}$ increments. All of the models were under confining stress of 1 MPa. By using of the biaxial test configuration, the failure process was visually observed. Discrete element simulations demonstrated that macro shear fractures in models are because of microscopic tensile breakage of a large number of bonded discs. The failure pattern in Rock Bridge is mostly affected by joint overlapping whereas the biaxial strength is closely related to the failure pattern.

Keywords

References

  1. Akbas, S. (2016), "Analytical solutions for static bending of edge cracked micro beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 59(3), 66-78.
  2. Bobet, A. (2000), "The initiation of secondary cracks in compression", Eng. Fract. Mech., 66, 187-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(00)00009-6
  3. Bobet, A. and Einstein, H.H. (1998), "Fracture coalescence in rock-type materials under uniaxial and biaxial compression", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 35, 863-888.
  4. Cundall, P.A. and Strack, O.D.L. (1979), "A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies", Geotechnique, 29(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47
  5. Fan, Y., Zhu, Z., Kang, J. and Fu, Y. (2016), "The mutual effects between two unequal collinear cracks under compression", Math. and Mech.Solids, 22,1205-1218.
  6. Gerges, N., Issa, C. and Fawaz, S. (2015), "Effect of construction joints on the splitting tensile strength of concrete", Case Studies in Construction Materials, 3, 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2015.07.001
  7. Haeri, H., Khaloo, A. and Marji, M.F. (2015a), "Fracture analyses of different pre-holed concrete specimens under compression", Acta mechanica sinica, 31(6), 855-870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-015-0436-3
  8. Haeri, H., Khaloo, A. and Marji, M.F. (2015b), "A coupled experimental and numerical simulation of rock slope joints behavior" , Arabian J. Geosci., 8(9), 7297-7308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1741-z
  9. Haeri, H., Sarfarazi, V. and Lazemi, H.A. (2016b), "Experimental study of shear behavior of planar non-persistent joint", Comput. Concrete, 17(5), 639-653. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.5.639
  10. Haeri, H., Sarfarazi, V., Fatehi, M., Hedayat, A. and Zhu, Z. (2016a), "Experimental and numerical study of shear fracture in brittle materials with interference of initial double", Acta Mechanica Soilda sinica, 5, 555-566.
  11. Haeri, H., Shahriar, K., Fatehi Marji, M. and Moarefvand, P. (2014), "On the crack propagation analysis of rock like Brazilian disc specimens containing cracks under compressive line loading", Latin Am. J. Solids Struct., 11(8), 1400-1416. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-78252014000800007
  12. Ibrahim, M.H.W, Hamzah, A.F., Jamaluddin, N., Ramadhansyah, P.J. and Fadzil, A.M. (2015), "Split tensile strength on selfcompacting concrete containing coal bottom ash", Procedia -Social Behavioral Sci., 198, 2280-2289.
  13. Kequan, Y.U. and Zhoudao, L.U, (2015), "Influence of softening curves on the residual fracture toughness of post-fire normalstrength mortar", Comput. Mortar, 15(2), 102-111.
  14. Lancaster, I.M., Khalid, H.A. and Kougioumtzoglou, I.A. (2013), "Extended FEM modelling of crack propagation using the semicircular bending test", Constr. Build. Mater., 48, 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.046
  15. Lee, S. and Chang, Y. (2015), "Evaluation of RPV according to alternative fracture toughness requirements", Struct. Eng. Mech., 53(6), 1271-1286. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.53.6.1271
  16. Li, S., Wang, H., Li, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, B. and Zhu, H. (2016), "A new mini-grating absolute displacement measuring system for static and dynamic geomechanical model tests", Measurement, 82, 421-431.
  17. Li, S., Wang, H., Li, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, B. and Zhu, H. (2016), "A new mini-grating absolute displacement measuring system for static and dynamic geomechanical model tests", Measurement, 82, 421-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.01.017
  18. Li, Y., Zhou, H., Zhu, W., Li, S. and Liu, J. (2015), "Numerical study on crack propagation in brittle jointed rock mass influenced by fracture water pressure", Materials, 8(6), 3364-3376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8063364
  19. Lisjak, A. and Grasselli, G. (2014), "A review of discrete modeling techniques for fracturing processes in discontinuous rock masses", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 6(4), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.12.007
  20. Liu, X., Nie, Z., Wu, S. and Wang, C, (2015), "Self-monitoring application of conductive asphalt concrete under indirect tensile deformation", Case Studies Constr. Mater., 3, 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2015.07.002
  21. Lu, F.Y., Lin, Y.L., Wang, X.Y., Lu, L. and Chen, R. (2015), "A theoretical analysis about the influence of interfacial friction in SHPB tests", Int. J. Impact. Eng., 79, 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.10.008
  22. Mobasher, B., Bakhshi, M. and Barsby, C. (2014), "Backcalculation of residual tensile strength of regular and high performance fibre reinforced concrete from flexural tests", Constr. Build. Mater., 70, 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.037
  23. Mohammad, A. (2016), "Statistical flexural toughness modeling of ultra-high performance mortar using response surface method", Comput. Mortar , 17(4), 33-39.
  24. Munjiza, A., Owen, D.R.J. and Bicanic, N.A. (1995), "A combined finite-discrete element method in transient dynamics of fracturing solids", Eng. Comput., 12(2), 145-174. https://doi.org/10.1108/02644409510799532
  25. Noel, M. and Soudki, K. (2014), "Estimation of the crack width and deformation of FRP-reinforced concrete flexural members with and without transverse shear reinforcement", Eng. Struct., 59, 393-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.11.005
  26. Oliveira, H.L. and Leonel, E.D. (2014), "An alternative BEM formulation, based on dipoles of stresses and tangent operator technique, applied to cohesive crack growth modeling", Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem., 41, 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2014.01.002
  27. Pan, B., Gao, Y. and Zhong, Y. (2014), "Theoretical analysis of overlay resisting crack propagation in old cement mortar pavement", Struct. Eng. Mech., 52(4), 167-181.
  28. Rajabi, M., Soltani, N. and Eshraghi, I. (2016), "Effects of temperature dependent material properties on mixed mode crack tip parameters of functionally graded materials", Struct. Eng. Mech., 58(2), 144-156.
  29. Ramadoss, P. and Nagamani, K. (2013), "Stress-strain behavior and toughness of high-performance steel fiber reinforced mortar in compression", Comput. Mortar, 11(2), 55-65.
  30. Sagong, M. and Bobet, A. (2002), "Coalescence of multiple flaws in a rock-model material in uniaxial compression", Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min., 399-241.
  31. Sardemir, M. (2016), "Empirical modeling of flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete containing fly ash by GEP", Comput. Concrete, 17(4), 489-498. https://doi.org/10.12989/CAC.2016.17.4.489
  32. Sarfarazi, V. and Shubert, W. (2016b), "Sliding phenomena in intermittent rock joint", Periodica polyechnica civil engineering, 5, 1-10.
  33. Sarfarazi, V., Haeri, H. and khaloo, A (2016a), "The effect of nonpersistent joints on sliding direction if rock slopes", Comput. Concrete, 7, 723-737.
  34. Shemirani, A., Haeri, H., Sarfarazi, V. and Hedayat, A. (2017), "A review paper about experimental investigations on failure behavior of non-persistent joint", Geomech. Eng., 13, 535-570.
  35. Shen, B., Stephansson, O., Einstein, H.H. and Ghahreman, B. (1995), "Coalescence of fractures under shear stress experiments", J. Geophys.Res., 100(4), 5975-5990. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB00040
  36. Shuraim, A.B., Aslam, F., Hussain, R. and Alhozaimy, A. (2016), "Analysis of punching shear in high strength RC panels-experiments, comparison with codes and FEM results", Comput. Concrete, 17(6), 739-760. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.6.739
  37. Silva, R.V., Brito, J. and Dhir, R.K. (2015), "Tensil strength behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 83, 108-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.034
  38. Tiang, Y., Shi, S., Jia, K. and Hu, S. (2015), "Mechanical and dynamic properties of high strength concrete modified with lightweight aggregates presaturated polymer emulsion", Constr. Build. Mater., 93, 1151-1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.015
  39. Wang, Q.Z., Feng, F., Ni, M. and Gou, X.P. (2011), "Measurement of mode I and mode II rock dynamic fracture toughness with cracked straight through flattened Brazilian disc impacted by split Hopkinson pressure bar", Eng. Fract. Mech., 78(12), 2455-2469 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.06.004
  40. Wang, X., Zhu, Z., Wang, M., Ying, P., Zhou, L. and Dong, Y. (2017), "Study of rock dynamic fracture toughness by using VB-SCSC specimens under medium-low speed impacts", Eng. Fract. Mech., 181, 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.06.024
  41. Wong, L.N.Y. and Einstein, H.H. (2008), "Systematic evaluation of cracking behavior in specimens containing single flaws under uniaxial compression", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min., 46(2), 239-249.
  42. Wong, L.N.Y. and Einstein, H.H. (2009), "Crack coalescence in molded gypsum and Carrara marble: part 2- microscopic observations and interpretation", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 42(3), 513-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-008-0003-3
  43. Wu, Z.J., Ngai, L. and Wong, Y. (2014), "Investigating the effects of micro-defects on the dynamic properties of rock using Numerical Manifold method", Constr. Build Mater., 72, 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.082
  44. Yaylac, M. (2016), "The investigation crack problem through numerical analysis", Struct. Eng. Mech., 57(6), 1143-1156. https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2016.57.6.1143
  45. Zhang, Q.B. and Zhao, J (2014), "Quasi-static and dynamic fracture behaviour of rock materials: phenomena and mechanisms", Int. J. Fract., 189, 1-32 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-014-9959-z
  46. Zhang, X.P. and Wong, L.N.Y. (2012), "Cracking process in rocklike material containing a single flaw under uniaxial compression: A numerical study based on parallel bondedparticle model approach", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45(5), 711-737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0176-z
  47. Zhang, X.P. and Wong, R.H.C. (2013), "Crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in rock-like material containing two flaws: A numerical study based on bonded-particle model approach", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46(5), 1001-1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0323-1
  48. Zhao, Y., Zhao, G.F. and Jiang, Y. (2013), "Experimental and numerical modelling investigation on fracturing in coal under impact loads", Int. J. Fract, 183(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-013-9876-6