DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Co-doping on Densification of Gd-doped CeO2 Ceramics and Adhesion Characteristics on a Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Substrate

  • Lee, Ho-Young (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kang, Bo-Kyung (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Ho-Chang (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Heo, Young-Woo (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Joo (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Joon-Hyung (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2018.07.20
  • Accepted : 2018.10.11
  • Published : 2018.11.30

Abstract

In this study, a small amount of CoO was added to commercial Gd-doped $CeO_2$ (GDC) powder. The CoO addition greatly enhanced sinterability at low temperatures, i.e., more than 98% of relative density was achieved at $1,000^{\circ}C$. When GDC/8YSZ (8 mol% yttrium stabilized zirconia) bilayers were sintered, Co-doped GDC showed excellent adhesion to the YSZ electrolyte. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed that there were no traces of liquid films at the grain boundaries of GDC, whereas liquid films were observed in the Co-doped GDC sample. Because liquid films facilitate particle rearrangement and migration during sintering, mechanical stresses at the interface of a bilayer, which are developed based on different densification rates between the layers, might be reduced. In spite of $Co^{2+}$ doping in GDC, the electrical conductivity was not significantly changed, relative to GDC.

Keywords

References

  1. J. Larminie and A. Dicks, "Medium and High Temperature Fuel Cells," pp. 163-228 in Fuel Cell System Explained, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, 2003.
  2. H. Inada and H. Tagawa, "Ceria-based Solid Electrolytes," Solid State Ionics, 83 [1-2] 1-16 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(95)00229-4
  3. K. Zheng, B.C.H. Steele, M. Sahibzada, and I. S. Metcalfe, "Solid State Fuel Cells on $Ce(Gd)O_{2-x}$ Electrolytes," Solid State Ionics, 86-88 1241-48 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(96)00294-9
  4. V. Gil, J. Tartaj, C. Moure, and P. Duran, "Sintering, Microstructural Development, and Electrical Properties of Gadolinia-doped Ceria Electrolyte with Bismuth Oxide as a Sintering Aid," J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 26 [15] 3161-71 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.09.068
  5. W. Zajac, L. Suescun, K. Swierczek, and J. Molenda, "Structural and Electrical Properties of Grain Boundaries in $Ce_{0.85}Gd_{0.15}O_{1.925}$ Solid Electrolyte Modified by Addition of Transition Metal Ions," J. Power Sources, 194 [1] 2-9 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.020
  6. M. Mori, E. Suda, B. Pacaud, K. Murai, and T. Moriga, "Effect of Components in Electrodes on Sintering Characteristics of $Ce_{0.9}Gd_{0.1}O_{1.95}$ Electrolyte in Intermediate-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells during Fabrication," J. Power Sources, 157 [2] 688-94 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.062
  7. T. Zhang, P. Hing, H. T. Huang, and J. Kilner, "Sintering and Grain Growth of CoO-doped $CeO_2$ Ceramics," J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 22 [1] 27-34 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(01)00240-0
  8. T. Zhang, P. Hing, H. T. Huang, and J. Kilner, "Densification, Microstructure and Grain Growth in the $CeO_2-Fe_2O_3$ System (0 ${\leq}$ Fe/Ce ${\leq}$ 20%)," J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 21 [12] 2221-28 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00342-3
  9. D. P. Fagg, V. V. Kharton, and J. R. Frade, "Transport in Ceria Electrolytes Modified with Sintering Aids: Effects on Oxygen Reduction Kinetics," J. Solid State Electrochem., 8 [9] 618-25 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-004-0509-x
  10. E. Jud and L. J. Gauckler, "Sintering Behavior of Cobalt Oxide Doped Ceria Powders of Different Particle Sizes," J. Electroceram., 14 [3] 247-53 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-005-0964-5
  11. D. Perez-Coll, P. Nunez, J. C. Ruiz-Morales, J. Pena-Martinez, and J. R. Frade, "Re-Examination of Bulk and Grain Boundary Conductivities of $Ce_{1-x}Gd_xO_{2-{\delta}}$ Ceramics," Electrochim. Acta, 52 [5] 2001-8 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.08.009
  12. D. Perez-Coll, D. Marrero-Lopez, P. Nunez, S. Pinol, and J. R. Frade, "Grain Boundary Conductivity of $Ce_{0.8}Ln_{0.2}O_{2-{\delta}}$ Ceramics (Ln=Y, La, Gd, Sm) with and without Co-doping," Electrochim. Acta, 51 [28] 6463-69 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.04.032
  13. E. Jud and L. J. Gauckler, "The Effect of Cobalt Oxide Addition on the Conductivity of $Ce_{0.9}Gd_{0.1}O_{1.95}$," J. Electroceram., 15 [2] 159-66 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-005-2193-3
  14. G. S. Lewis, A. Atkinson, B.C.H. Steele, and J. Drennan, "Effect of Co Addition on the Lattice Parameter, Electrical Conductivity and Sintering of Gadolinia-doped Ceria," Solid State Ionics, 152-153 567-73 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00372-7
  15. C. Kleinlogel and L. J. Gauckler, "Sintering and Properties of Nanosized Ceria Solid Solutions," Solid State Ionics, 135 567-73 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00437-9
  16. M. F. Han, S. Zhou, Z. Liu, Z. Lei, and Z. C. Kang, "Fabrication, Sintering and Electrical Properties of Cobalt Oxide Doped $Gd_{0.1}Ce_{0.9}O_{2-{\delta}}$," Solid State Ionics, 192 181-84 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2010.06.019
  17. C. J. Fu, Q. L. Liu, S. H. Chan, X. M. Ge, and G. Pasiak, "Effect of Transition Metal Oxides on the Densification of Thin-film GDC Electrolyte and on the Performance of Intermediate-Temperature SOFC," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 [20] 11200-7 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.049
  18. G. B. Gonzalez, T. O. Mason, J. P. Quintana, O. Warschkow, D. E. Ellis, J. H. Hwang, J. P. Hodges, and J. D. Jorgensen, "Defect Structure Studies of Bulk and Nanoindium-tin Oxide," J. Appl. Phys., 96 [7] 3912-20 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1783610
  19. N. Nadaud, N. Lequeux, M. Nanot, J. Jove, and T. Roisnel, "Structural Studies of Tin-doped Indium Oxide (ITO) and $In_4Sn_3O_{12}$," J. Solid State Chem., 135 140-48 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1997.7613
  20. M. Mogensen, N. M. Sammes, and G. A. Tompsett, "Physical, Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of Pure and Doped Ceria," Solid State Ionics, 129 63-94 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(99)00318-5
  21. K. Sumi, Y. Kobayashi, and E. Kato, "Low-Temperature Fabrication of Cordierite Ceramics from Kaolinite and Magnesium Hydroxide Mixtures with Boron Oxide Additions," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 82 [3] 783-85 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01837.x
  22. W. D. Kingery, "Implication of Sintering Theories with regards to Process Controls"; pp. 461-71 in Transactions of the VIIth International Ceramic Congress. London, UK, 1960.
  23. F. Thummler and R. Oberacker, An Introduction to Powder Metallurgy; p.332, CRC Press, London, 1994.
  24. B. C. H. Steele, "Appraisal of $Ce_{1-y}GdyO_{2-y/2}$ Electrolytes for IT-SOFC Operation at $500^{\circ}C$," Solid State Ionics, 129 95-110 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(99)00319-7
  25. O. Jasinski, V. Petrovsky, T. Suzuki, and H. U. Anderson, "Impedance Studies of Diffusion Phenomena and Ionic and Electronic Conductivity of Cerium Oxide," J. Electrochem. Soc., 152 J27-J32 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1861174
  26. P. S. Cho, Y. H. Cho, S. Y. Park, S. B. Lee, D. Y. Kim, H. M. Park, G. Auchterlonie, J. Drennan, and J. H. Lee, "Grain-Boundary Conduction in Gadolinia-Doped Ceria: The Effect of SrO Addition," J. Electrochem. Soc., 156 B339-44 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3046153
  27. J. Svobada, H. Riedel, and R. Gaebel, "A Model for Liquid Phase Sintering," Acta Mater., 44 [8] 3215-26 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-6454(95)00440-8
  28. M. Prokesova and Z. Panek, "Particle Rearrangement during Liquid Phase Sintering of Silicon Nitride," Ceram. Int., 15 369-74 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(89)90051-5
  29. A. K. Baral, H. P. Dasari, B. K. Kim, and J. H. Lee, "Effect of Sintering Aid (CoO) on Transport Properties of Nanocrystalline Gd doped Ceria (GDC) Materials Prepared by Co-precipitation Method," J. Alloys Compd., 575 455-60 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.05.191
  30. H. J. Avila-Paredes and S. Kim, "The Effect of Segregated Transition metal Ions on the Grain Boundary Resistivity of Gadolinium Doped Ceria: Alteration of the Space Charge Potential," Solid State Ionics, 177 3075-80 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.08.017