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A Study on Performance Characteristics of Heat Pump System on Cooling Mode for Light-duty Commercial Electric Vehicles

EV 상용차용 히트펌프 시스템 냉방 운전 특성에 관한 연구

  • 전한별 (한국자동차연구원 열제어시스템 연구센터) ;
  • 김정일 (세딕 주식회사) ;
  • 원헌주 (동아전장 주식회사) ;
  • 이호성 (한국자동차연구원 열제어시스템 연구센터)
  • Received : 2019.11.04
  • Accepted : 2019.12.06
  • Published : 2019.12.31

Abstract

The cooling performance of heat pump system for light-duty commercial electric vehicle was evaluated experimentally. The cooling performance characteristics of the heat pump for light-duty commercial electric vehicles were evaluated by varying the temperature, flow rate of chiller coolant, and electric compressor speed, under the exterior air temperature of 35 ℃ and interior air temperature of 25 ℃. Increasing the compressor speeds decreased the cooling system efficiency by 16.4 % on average with the cooling capacity increasing by 8.0 % on average and the compressor work increasing by 27% on average. To use waste heat from the coolant to chill power electronic components, such as the motor and inverter, a chiller was installed to transfer heat between the coolant and refrigerant. Increasing the temperature of the chiller coolant from 35 ℃ to 55 ℃ decreased the efficiency by 18.2 % on average due to higher condensing heat source. Increasing the coolant flow rate from 10 liter/min to 20 liter/min did not affect the cooling capacity of the system due to a similar total condensing heat transfer rate at the chiller and the exterior heat exchanger. In future works, heating performance will be investigated by varying the operating conditions to use the chiller's waste heat with an improvement of heating capacity.

본 연구의 목적은 EV 경상용차에 적용되는 히트펌프 시스템에 대한 냉방 성능 특성을 실험적으로 분석하는 것이다. EV 경상용차가 운전되는 냉방 운전조건인 외기온도 35 ℃, 내기온도 25 ℃ 상황에서, 히트펌프 시스템의 냉방 특성을 분석하고자, 냉각수의 온도조건, 전동식 압축기 회전수 조건 변화에 대해서, 실험을 진행하였고, 그 결과를 분석하였다. 전동식 압축기 회전수가 증가할수록 냉방 성능이 평균 8.0 %가 증가하였고, 전동식 압축기 소비전력은 27 %가 증가하여서, 시스템 효율은 16.4 %가 감소하는 결과를 보여주고 있다. 전자장비 냉각을 위한 냉각수의 폐열을 활용하기 위하여서, 냉매랑 냉각수가 열교환 하는 칠러를 본 시스템에 적용하였다. 칠러에 적용되는 냉각수의 온도를 35 ℃에서 55℃로 변화시켰을 때, 응축 열원의 증가로 인하여서, 시스템 효율이 평균적으로 18.2 %가 떨어지는 결과를 보여주고 있다. 냉각수 유량 변화 측면에서, 운전 조건을 변화시켰지만, 냉방 성능에는 큰 변화를 보이고 있지 않았다. 향후, 냉각수 폐열을 사용하여서, 히트펌프 시스템에 대한 난방 성능 향상을 위한 연구가 필요한 상황에서, 관련 연구에 추가 할 예정이다.

Keywords

References

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