Fig. 1. Network Model for MOVDRPTW
Fig. 2. Structure of HMOEA
Fig. 3. Random Generation of Initial Solutions
Fig. 4. Variable Length Chromosome in the HMOEA
Fig. 5. Route Exchange Crossover
Fig. 6. Pseudo Code of Pareto Ranking and Elitism
Fig. 7. Off-set Local Search Range
Fig. 8. Desired Time Window and Arrival Time of the Two Customers in the Off-set Relationship
Fig. 9. Customer Locations in Songpagu in Seoul
Fig. 10. Average total cost
Fig. 11. Total costs and the number of used vehicles and drones in each of four Scenarios
Fig. 12. Average Service Cost
Fig. 13. Time Cost and Operating Cost
Table 1. The operating cost and time cost per customer in drone and vehicle route in the drone mixed strategy./ () indicated the value of upper 20% of EA population
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