Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Regional estimation of baseflow index in Korea and analysis of baseflow effects according to urbanization

국내 하천 기저유출지표 산정 및 도시화에 따른 기저유출 영향 분석

  • Kang, Hyeongsik (Department of Water and Land, Korea Environment Institute) ;
  • Hyun, Yun-Jung (Department of Water and Land, Korea Environment Institute) ;
  • Jun, Sang-Mook (Environment Impact Assessment Group, Korea Environment Institute)
  • 강형식 (한국환경정책평가연구원 물국토연구본부) ;
  • 현윤정 (한국환경정책평가연구원 물국토연구본부) ;
  • 전상묵 (한국환경정책평가연구원 환경영향평가본부)
  • Received : 2018.03.22
  • Accepted : 2018.12.11
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

In this study, the baseflow indices in Nakdong river watershed and the whole country's river were calculated by using SWAT model and PART method. The annual averaged baseflow in the Nakdong river watershed was estimated at 40% - 44% of the total discharge rate, and it is found to be higher than 90% during the winter months of December and January. An analysis of the baseflow index from 317 gauge stations across the country revealed that the contribution of baseflow to the nation's stream flow rate stood at an annual average of 40%, ranging from less than 20% to over 80% by region. Also, the impact of the decreasing baseflow due to land use changes in 1975 and 2000 was analyzed in Keumhogang river watershed under the same weather conditions. The results revealed that the number of days under the standard instream flow increased by 19-24 days as a result of the increase in the urbanization rate.

본 연구에서는 SWAT 모형과 PART 방법을 이용하여 낙동강 유역과 전국 하천을 대상으로 기저유출지표를 산정하고, 도시화에 따른 기저유출 영향을 분석하였다. 낙동강 유역의 연평균 기저유출은 총유량 대비 약 40-44%인 것으로 분석되었으며, 계절별로는 12월과 1월 겨울철에 90%를 상회하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전국 317개소 관측 유량에 대해 기저유출을 분석한 결과 기저유출이 전국하천 유량에 기여하는 비율은 연평균 약 40%인 것으로 나타났으며, 지역별로 20% 미만~80% 이상인 것으로 예측되었다. 따라서 기저유출지표가 적은 지역에서는 주변 생태계 보전을 위해 지하수 이용과 개발을 제한하는 것이 타당할 것이다. 한편 금호강 유역을 대상으로 동일 기상조건에서 1975년과 2000년도 토지이용변화에 따른 기저유출 감소가 하천유량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 그 결과 도시화율 증가에 의해 하천유지유량의 경우 미달일수가 19일~24일 정도 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Comparison of computed and measured flow rates

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Fig. 2. Comparison of BFIs by SWAT and PART models

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Fig. 3. Monthly baseflow index in nakdong river watershed

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Fig. 4. Spatial changes of monthly baseflow index in nakdong river watershed

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Fig. 5. Baseflow index distribution in korea river

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Fig. 6. Land use change in keumhogang river watershed

Table 1. R2 Coefficient for the simulated discharge by SWAT

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Table 2. Land use cange in keumhogang river watershed

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Table 3. Comparison of the number of days under the low flow and instream flow in keumhogang river watershed by land use changes in 1975 and 2000

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