The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Background Concentration and Contamination Assessment of Heavy Metals in Korean Coastal Sediments

한반도 연안 퇴적물의 중금속 배경농도 및 오염도 평가

  • WOO, JUNSIK (Geosystem Research Corporation) ;
  • LEE, HYOJIN (Geosystem Research Corporation) ;
  • PARK, JONGKYU (Geosystem Research Corporation) ;
  • PARK, KYOUNGKYU (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • CHO, DONGJIN (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • JANG, DONGJUN (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • PARK, SOJUNG (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • CHOI, MANSIK (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • YOO, JEONGKYU (Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation)
  • 우준식 ((주)지오시스템리서치) ;
  • 이효진 ((주)지오시스템리서치) ;
  • 박종규 ((주)지오시스템리서치) ;
  • 박경규 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 조동진 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 장동준 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 박소정 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 최만식 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 유정규 (해양환경공단)
  • Received : 2019.01.08
  • Accepted : 2019.01.30
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

The background concentrations of heavy metals in Korean coastal sediments were estimated using heavy metal data for 495 sediments obtained from 'National Marine Ecosystem Survey (Coastal ecosystem) in 2016-2017' and the extent of contamination was assessed. Al, Cs, and Li are chosen as appropriate indicators for sediment grain size. In the relationships between heavy metal and indicators concentrations, the lowest slope data were selected through the outlier removal and residual analysis, and the background concentrations were presented as a linear regression line between metal and indicator. Comparing the previous studies for the background concentrations of heavy metals in Korean coastal sediments, concentration levels were generally consistent but those for As and Cd were presented for the first time, and the background concentration using Li as the indicator was presented for the first time.

2016~2017년 '국가해양생태계 종합조사(연안생태계)'에서 얻어진 495개의 퇴적물 중금속 자료를 이용하여 한반도 연안 퇴적물의 중금속 배경농도를 산정하고 오염도를 평가하였다. 퇴적물 입도를 나타내는 지시자로 Al, Cs, Li이 적절하였으며, 이 들과 중금속 농도 사이의 관계에서 이상치 제거 및 잔차 분석을 통하여 가장 낮은 기울기의 자료를 선택하여 중금속과 지시자 사이의 회귀 직선으로 배경농도를 표시하였다. 기존 연구에서의 배경농도와 본 연구의 결과는 비교적 잘 일치하였으며, 본 연구에서는 As 및 Cd에 대해 처음으로 제시하였고, 지시자로 Li을 사용한 배경농도 식을 처음으로 제시하였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Map showing sampling locations.

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Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of mean grain size(a), TOC(b), CaCO3(c), S(d), Fe(e), Al(f), Cs(g), Li(h) concentrations in surface sediments of August, 2016 and 2017.

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Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of As(a), Cd(b), Cr(c), Ci(d), Ni(e), Pb(f), Zn(g) concentration in surface sediments of August, 2016 and 2017.

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Fig. 4. Relationships between mean grain size, < 16 μm content and conservative elements (Al, Cs, Li) concentrations in surface sediments.

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Fig. 5. Relationships between conservative elements (Al, Cs, Li) and heavy metals in surface sediments. Background concentrations presented as the regressed lines for background sediments were depicted as dotted lines.

Table 1. Measured concentrations of heavy metals for MESS-3/MESS-4(NRCC sediment certified reference material)

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Table 2. Statistical parameters for mean grain size, total organic carbon(TOC), calcium carbonate(CaCO3), major elements and heavy metals in surface sediments

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Table 3. Background concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in coastal sediments of Korea, which were presented as a regressed line with Al, Cs, Li concentration

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Table 4. Assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments based on Korean marine sediment quality guidelines and enrichment factors (Efs) relative to natural baseline concentrations (Aug, 2016 and 2017)

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