DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Evaluation of TOD Effect with the Concept of 'Pedestrian Traffic Ratio'

'보행율' 개념을 이용한 TOD 효과 평가

  • Lee, Sang-Hyun (Division of Architecture, College of Architecture, Myongji University) ;
  • Fang, Lin (Division of Architecture, College of Architecture, Myongji University)
  • 이상현 (명지대학교 건축대학 건축학부) ;
  • 방림 (명지대학교 건축대학 건축학부)
  • Received : 2018.10.15
  • Accepted : 2019.02.01
  • Published : 2019.02.28

Abstract

Recently, there is a great expectation for the sustainable effect of TOD and apply it to urban planning and design. However, there are few research on the quantitative evaluation method of the effect. The purpose of this study is to propose a quantitative way to assess the effectiveness of TOD(Transit Oriented Development)'s vehicle traffic reduction in the urban planning phase, based on the land-use plan. Firstly, it proposes a method to convert the information contained in the land-use plan into a network and secondly a method to estimate the travel distance based on the network. In the first phase, the roads in the land-use plan are converted into links and the intersection of the roads into nodes. The area and the height of the zones included in the land-use plan are converted into the weights on adjacent nodes. The second phase assumes the frequency at which travel occurs between nodes on the network is relative to the weights and estimates the travel distance by dividing it into a pedestrian and a vehicle. Then, taking the city without TOD as the object, through comparison present city and alternatively redesigned city to the analysis of TOD effect. In this study, the application of these methods to Bundang as of 1997 and alternatively redesigned Bundang showed that about 39.94 percent of the vehicle traffic reduction effects occurred. Furthermore, the pedestrian traffic ratio of alternatively redesigned Bundang increased to 2.39%.

최근 TOD에 대한 지속적인 효과를 기대하고 실제 도시계획 및 설계에 적용되고 있다. 그러나 그것의 효과를 정량적으로 평가할 방법에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 그래서 본 연구의 목적은 TOD의 차량 통행 감소 효과를 도시계획 단계에서 토지이용계획도를 기반으로 정량적으로 평가하는 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 토지이용계획도에 포함된 정보를 네트워크로 변환하는 방법과 네트워크를 기반으로 이동발생량을 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 토지이용계획도의 도로망을 링크로, 도로의 교차점을 노드로 변환한다. 토지이용계획도에 포함된 구역의 면적과 구역별 높이는 인접노드에 가중치로 변환된다. 두 번째 단계에서는 네트워크상의 노드 간에 가중치에 비례한 빈도로 이동이 발생하는 것을 가정하여 이동발생량을 보행과 차량으로 구분하여 추정한다. 그다음 TOD를 본격적으로 적용하지 않은 도시를 대상으로 현재 도시와 TOD를 적용하여 재설계한 도시를 비교하여 TOD의 효과를 분석한다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 방법을 1997년 계획 당시 분당과 TOD를 적용하여 재설계한 가상 대안에 적용한 결과, 39.94% 정도의 차량 통행 감소 효과가 발생함을 확인하였다. 또한, TOD를 적용한 대안의 보행율이 2.39%로 현황보다 증가하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

Keywords

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Network representing Urban Spatial Structure

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Land Use Plan and Network

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Distribution of the Occupied Area of Each Node

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Application of the Average Weighted Height to Each Node

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. A Network Composed of 6 Nodes with Travel Distance

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Land use plan of Bundang (1997)

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. 3D Visualization of land use plan(present condition)

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. 3D Visualization of land use plan(scheme1)

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. 3D Visualization of land use plan(scheme2)

Table 1. Travel Distance at Each Node

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Calculation of the travel distance

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n2_763_t0002.png 이미지

References

  1. S. Y. Lee, "Development of a Structural Indicator of Urban Spatial Network to Estimate Traffic Volume within the Urban Space", Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning and Design, Vol.27, No.7, pp.189-196, July, 2011.
  2. J. H. Lee, H. R. Kim, D. Y. Hwang, "A Study On The Urban Design Method Based On TOD(Transit Oriented Development) Strategy For Sustainable Urban Regeneration In Case Of City Of Portland, U.S.A.", Journal of the Urban Design Institute of Korea Urban Design, Vol.14, No.1, pp.5-23, February, 2013.
  3. S. H. Lee, J. H. Park, "Study on Possibility Region of TOD Application in Catchment Area of Seoul Subway using Trip Analysis", Journal of The Korean Regional Development Association, Vol.18, No.2, pp.125-144, June, 2006.
  4. H. Y. Kim, S. Y. Lee, "An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Transit-oriented Development (TOD) Policy on The Land Use Composition Change Around Light-rail Transit (LRT) Stations", Journal of the Korean Urban Management Association, Vol.31, No.2, pp.165-179, June, 2018. https://doi.org/10.36700/KRUMA.2018.06.31.2.165
  5. Z. S. Kim, "Transit Oriented Development Guidelines in North America", Gyeonggi Research Institute, Vol.2016, No.30, pp.1-79, June, 2016.
  6. H. G. Sung, B. H. Hwang, J. H. Park, "Empirical Analysis of Travel Behavior Change by TOD Planning Elements through Applying Multi-level Regression Modeling", Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol.47, No.3, pp.265-278, June, 2012.
  7. J. H. Park, J. H. Rho, H. G. Sung, "Impact Analysis of TOD Planning Elements on Transit Ridership in Seoul Rail Station Areas by Using the Method of Structural Equational Modeling", Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol.43, No.5, pp.135-151, October, 2008.
  8. E. Y. Oh, B. H. Jeong, "A Study on the Impact of TOD Planning actors on Transit Demand The ase of Subway Station Areas in Gwangju Metropolitan City", Journal of the Korean Urban Management Association, Vol.26, No.4 pp.219-239, December, 2013.
  9. K. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, "A Study on the TOD Planning Elements Affecting the Number of Public Transportation Users-Focused on the Subway and Railway Station in Incheon", Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.35, No.3, pp.647-662, June, 2015. https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2015.35.3.0647
  10. S. N. Kim, K. H. Lee, K. H. Ahn, "The Effects of Compact City Characteristics on Transportation Energy Consumption and Air Quality", Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol.44, No.2, pp.231-246, April, 2009.
  11. K. W. Song, J. Nam, "An Analysis on the Effects of Compact City Characteristics on Transportation Energy Consumption", Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol.44, No.5, pp.193-206, October, 2009.
  12. S. Y. Seo, S. N. Kim, K. H. Lee, "Effects of Land Use and Urban Form on Vehicle Kilometer Traveled: Focused on the 74 Small and Medium-sized Cities in Korea", Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol.49, No.8, pp.107-121, December, 2014.
  13. J. Y. Lee, H. C. Kim, "Maximizing Energy Efficiency and Accessibility of Public Transportation in Compact City", Journal of Korea Planning Association, Vol.37, No.7, pp.231-244, December, 2002.
  14. Korea Land Corporation, The History of Bundang New City Development, p.178, Seoul: Korea Land Corporation, 1997.
  15. E. S. Cho, Decision Drawing of Bundang District Unit Plan, Seongnam Determination and Public notice, Vol.2009, No.122, p.6-348, 2009.