DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Inhibitory Effects of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino on 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation and Down-regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis

산국(Chrysanthemum boreale Makino) 꽃 유래 에센셜오일(Essential oil)이 지방세포 분화 및 지방생성에 미치는 영향

  • Hwang, Dae Il (Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Choi, In-Ho (Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Kim, Do Yoon (Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Park, Soo Min (Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Kim, Ha Bin (Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Li, YaLi (Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Lee, Hwan Myung (Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University)
  • 황대일 (호서대학교 화장품생명공학부) ;
  • 최인호 (호서대학교 화장품생명공학부) ;
  • 김도윤 (호서대학교 화장품생명공학부) ;
  • 박수민 (호서대학교 화장품생명공학부) ;
  • 김하빈 (호서대학교 화장품생명공학부) ;
  • 이야려 (호서대학교 화장품생명공학부) ;
  • 이환명 (호서대학교 화장품생명공학부)
  • Received : 2018.10.29
  • Accepted : 2019.03.03
  • Published : 2019.03.30

Abstract

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of many diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The flowers of Chrysanthemum boreale have been used as traditional medicines for the treatment of diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of C. boreale Makino flower essential oil (CFEO) on adipocyte differentiation using preadipocyte cell line 3T3-L1. CFEO at concentrations between 0.1 and $5{\mu}g/ml$ did not affect 3T3-L1 cell viability. A CFEO concentration of between 0.1 and $1{\mu}g/ml$ significantly inhibited lipid accumulation during MDI-induced differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a maximal level at $1{\mu}g/ml$ ($28.94{\pm}2.01%$; approximately 30% of control treated with MDI alone). Western blot analysis revealed that CFEO concentrations between 0.1 and $1{\mu}g/ml$ suppressed the activations of three adipogenic transcription factors in the MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$; CCATT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$; and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1. Moreover, the expressions of lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase were also inhibited by treatment with CFEO between 0.1 and $1{\mu}g/ml$. CFEO may therefore be a promising functional material for obesity prevention.

비만은 2 형 당뇨병, 고혈압 및 고지혈증을 포함한 다양한 질병과 관련이 있으며, 산국꽃은 전통적으로 비만과 2형 당뇨병 치료제로 사용되어왔다. 본 연구는 전지방세포(preadipocyte, 3T3-L1)를 사용하여 산국꽃 에센셜오일이 지방세포 분화 및 지방 생합성에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 산국꽃 에센셜오일은 $0.1-5{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 3T3-L1 세포에 대해 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 산국꽃 에센셜오일은 지방세포 분화 유도물질(MDI)을 처리한 3T3-L1세포에서 농도 의존적으로 지방분화를 억제하였으며, $1{\mu}g/ml$ ($28.94{\pm}2.01%$)농도에서 최대 효과를 나타내었다. 산국꽃 에센셜오일은 MDI에 의해 분화가 유도된 3T3-L1 세포에서 지방생성전사인자인 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), CCATT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) 그리고 sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1)의 단백질 발현을 억제하였다. 중성지방 생성 및 지방산합성효소 조절인자인 acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)와 fatty acid synthase (FAS)의 발현 또한 산국꽃 에센셜오일에 의해 억제되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 산국꽃 에센셜오일은 천연 항비만 기능성 소재로써의 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료 된다.

Keywords

SMGHBM_2019_v29n3_332_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Effects of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino flowers essential oil (CFEO) on the viability and accumulation level of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells.

SMGHBM_2019_v29n3_332_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Effects of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino flowers essential oil (CFEO) on the expressions of adipogenesis and lipogenesis proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

References

  1. Ahn, J., Lee, H., Kim, S. and Ha, T. 2010. Curcumin-induced suppression of adipogenic differentiation is accompanied by activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 298, 1510-1516.
  2. Darlington, G. J., Ross, S. E. and MacDougald, O. A. 1998. The role of C/EBP genes in adipocyte differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 30057-30060. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.46.30057
  3. Gregoire, F. M., Smas, C. M. and Sul, H. S. 1998. Understanding adipocyte differentiation. Physiol. Rev. 78, 783-809. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1998.78.3.783
  4. Ho, J. N., Choi, J. W., Lim, W. C., Lim, M. K., Lee, I. Y. and Cho, H. Y. 2013. Kefir inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation through down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factor expression. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 93, 485-490. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5792
  5. Kazemipoor, M., Radzi, C. W., Hajifaraji, M., Haerian, B. S., Mosaddegh, M. H. and Cordell, G. A. 2013. Antiobesity effect of caraway extract on overweight and obese women: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Evid-based. Complement. Altern. Med. 2013, 928582.
  6. Kim, D. M., Choi, H. R., Park, A., Shin, S. M., Bae, K. H., Lee, S. C., Kim, I. C. and Kim, W. K. 2013. Retinoic acid inhibits adipogenesis via activation of Wnt signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 434, 455-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.095
  7. Kim, K. J., Kim, Y. H., Yu, H. H., Jeong, S. I., Cha, J. D., Kil, B. S. and You, Y. O. 2003. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of essential oil of Chrysanthemum boreale. Planta Med. 69, 274-277. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-38479
  8. Kim, Y., Sung, J., Sung, M., Choi, Y., Jeong, H. S. and Lee, L. 2010. Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 in the anti-inflammatory activity of Chrysanthemum boreale makino extract on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophage. J. Ethnopharmacol. 131, 550-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.030
  9. Kwon, T. H., Wu, Y. X., Kim, J. S., Woo, J. H., Park, K. T., Kwon, O. J., Seo, H. J., Kim, T. and Park, N. H. 2015. 6,6'-Bieckol inhibits adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 95, 1830-1837. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6881
  10. Perry, L. M. 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: attributed properties and uses, pp. 296, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  11. Rosen, E. D., Hsu, C. H., Wang, X., Sakai, X., Freeman, M. W., Gonzalez, F. J. and Spiegelman, B. M. 2001. C/$EBP{\alpha}$ induces adipogenesis through PPAR: a unified pathway. Genes Dev. 16, 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.948702
  12. Willuhn, G. 1998. Arnica flowers: Pharmacology, toxicology, and analysis of the sesquiterpene lactones-their main active substances, pp. 118, American Chemical Society Press, Washington D. C., USA.