Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Ameliorative effect of black ginseng extract against oxidative stress-induced cellular damages in mouse hepatocytes

  • Choudhry, Qaisra Naheed (Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Jun Ho (Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Cho, Hyung Taek (Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Heo, Wan (Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Jun (Food Research and Development Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Jin Hyup (Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Young Jun (Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University)
  • Received : 2017.07.25
  • Accepted : 2017.10.11
  • Published : 2019.04.15
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Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play important causative roles in various pathological conditions. Black ginseng (BG), a type of steam-processed ginseng, has drawn significant attention due to its biological activity, and is more potent than white ginseng (WG) or red ginseng (RG). Methods: We evaluated the protective effects of BG extract (BGE) against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, in comparison with WG extract (WGE) and RG extract (RGE) in a cell culture model. Ethanolic extracts of WG, RG, and BG were used to evaluate ginsenoside profiles, total polyphenols, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. Using AML-12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$, the protective effects of WGE, RGE, and BGE on cellular redox status, DNA, protein, lipid damage, and apoptosis levels were investigated. Results: BGE exhibited significantly enhanced antioxidant potential, as well as total flavonoid and polyphenol contents. ATP levels were significantly higher in BGE-treated cells than in control; ROS generation and glutathione disulfide levels were lower but glutathione (GSH) and NADPH levels were higher in BGE-treated cells than in other groups. Pretreatment with BGE inhibited apoptosis and therefore protected cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, probably through ROS scavenging. Conclusion: Collectively, our results demonstrate that BGE protects AML-12 cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damages more effectively than WGE or RGE, through ROS scavenging, maintenance of redox status, and activation of the antioxidant defense system.

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