Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D

  • Cho, Young-Keol (Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Eun (Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Sun-Hee (Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital) ;
  • Foley, Brian T. (HIV Databases, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory) ;
  • Choi, Byeong-Sun (Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health)
  • Received : 2018.04.11
  • Accepted : 2018.07.16
  • Published : 2019.04.15
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Abstract

Background: To date, no study has described disease progression in Asian patients infected with HIV-1 subtype D. Methods: To determine whether the disease progression differs in patients infected with subtypes D and B prior to starting combination antiretroviral therapy, the annual decline (AD) in $CD^{4+}$ T cell counts over $96{\pm}59months$ was retrospectively analyzed in 163 patients and compared in subtypes D and B based on the nef gene. Results: $CD^{4+}$ T cell AD was significantly higher in the six subtype D-infected patients than in the 157 subtype B-infected patients irrespective of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment (p < 0.001). Of these, two subtype D-infected patients and 116 subtype B-infected patients had taken KRG. AD was significantly lower in patient in the KRG-treated group than in those in the $KRG-na{\ddot{i}}ve$ group irrespective of subtype (p < 0.05). To control for the effect of KRG, patients not treated with KRG were analyzed, with AD found to be significantly greater in subtype D-infected patients than in subtype B-infected patients (p < 0.01). KRG treatment had a greater effect on AD in subtype D-infected patients than in subtype B-infected patients (4.5-fold vs. 1.6-fold). Mortality rates were significantly higher in both the 45 $KRG-na{\ddot{i}}ve$ (p < 0.001) and all 163 (p < 0.01) patients infected with subtype D than subtype B. Conclusion: Subtype D infection is associated with a >2-fold higher risk of death and a 2.9-fold greater rate of progression than subtype B, regardless of KRG treatment.

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References

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