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Effects of glycine on microbial safety of low-salted squid and myungran jeotgal

글리신을 활용한 저염 오징어 및 명란 젓갈의 미생물 안전성 확보

  • 최준봉 (수원대학교 호텔관광대학원) ;
  • 천희순 (서울향료(주) 기술연구소) ;
  • 정명수 (이화여자대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 조원일 (씨제이제일제당(주) 식품연구소)
  • Received : 2018.12.25
  • Accepted : 2019.01.25
  • Published : 2019.04.30

Abstract

Seven antimicrobial agents known to be effective in inhibiting the growth of lactic acid bacteria were applied to ensure the microbial safety of low-salted squid and myungran jeotgal with 4-6% salinity. These agents reduced the salt content by 50% compared with the conventional Jeotgal. Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., and Pediococcus sp. were commonly found to account for 80% of microbial organisms, and yeast and fungi were observed in squid and myungran jeotgal, respectively. The total bacterial counts in squid and myungran jeotgal showed 94.20 and 90.87% reduction after the addition of 0.5% (w/w) glycine. The microbial counts in squid and myungran jeotgal decreased $10^1-10^2CFU/g$ when compared with the control after 21 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Glycine was found to be an effective commercial antimicrobial agent that can be used to control bacterial count in low-salted Jeotgal without affecting sensory qualities such as overall taste and flavor.

기존 대비 염함량을 50% 내외 감량한 염도 4-6%의 저염 오징어 및 명란 젓갈의 미생물 안전성을 확보하기 위해 상업적 항균제 7종의 적용 실험을 진행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 저염 젓갈 내 자생하고 있는 균총을 살펴본 결과 간균인 Lactobacillus sp.와 구균인 Streptococcus sp., Pediococcus sp., Luconostoc sp. 등의 젖산균이 80%를 차지하는 우점균으로 나타났으며, 오징어 젓갈에는 yeast가 명란젓에는 fungi가 추가로 관찰되었다. 젖산균 계통의 미생물의 살균 및 생육억제에 효과가 있다고 알려진 5종의 상업적 항균제를 저염 오징어 젓갈 중량 대비 0.5%(w/w)를 조미배합 과정에서 첨가, 혼합하여 총균수의 변화를 고찰한 결과 글리신이 94.20%, 폴리라이신이 92.78%의 살균률을 보여 $10^1CFU/g$ 내외의 감균 효과를 나타내었으며, 저염 명란 젓갈에서도 0.5% (w/w) 글리신이 90.87%의 살균률을 나타내었다. 저염 젓갈의 균 제어에 효과적인 글리신은 조미료로도 많이 사용되는 아미노산 계통의 항균성분으로 그람 음성균 및 양성균 모두에 대해 살균효과를 가지고 있으며, 특히 유기산과 병용 사용 시 감균 및 생육 억제에 있어 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 저염 오징어 젓갈에 0.5% (w/w)의 글리신을 혼합 후 저장기간별로 총균수의 변화를 고찰한 결과 $10^{\circ}C$의 냉장조건에서 21일 경과 후에도 90%의 살균률이 유지되어 $10^1CFU/g$의 감균 효과가 지속되었으며, 저염 명란 젓갈의 경우에도 저장시 97%의 살균효과가 지속되어 무처리구 대비 $10^2CFU/g$ 내외 감소하였다. 따라서 글리신은 다양한 수산물을 원료로 사용한 저염 젓갈의 균 제어에 활용할 수 있는 효과적인 상업적 항균제로 판명되었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. The diagram of manufacturing process of of low-salted squid and myungran (pollack roe) jeotgal using commercial antimicrobial agents.

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Fig. 2. The microscopic photographs of various microorganisms in low-salted squid and myungran (pollack roe) jeotgal.

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Fig. 3. The comparison of antimicrobial activity on 0.5% (w/w) various commercial antimicrobial agents in (A) low-salted squid jeotgal and (B) low-salted myungran (pollack roe) jeotgal.

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Fig. 4. The comparison of microbial growth by storage period with and without 0.5% (w/w) glycine in (A) low-salted squid jeotgal and (B) low-salted myungran (pollack roe) jeotgal.

Table 1. The comparison of physicochemical characteristics of low-salted squid and myungran (pollack roe) jeotgal treated with various 0.5% (w/w) commercial antimicrobial agents

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