Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
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Analysis of the Characteristics of Water Quality Difference Occurring between High Tide and Low Tide in Masan Bay

만조와 간조시 마산만 수질의 농도차 발생 특성의 분석

  • Yoo, Youngjin (Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National university) ;
  • Kim, Sung Jae (Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National university)
  • 유영진 (경상대학교 해양환경공학과) ;
  • 김성재 (경상대학교 해양환경공학과)
  • Received : 2019.04.16
  • Accepted : 2019.05.08
  • Published : 2019.05.31
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Abstract

Slack-tide sampling was carried out at 6 stations at high and low tide for a tidal cycle during spring tide of the early summer (June) and summer (July, August) of 2016 to determine the difference of water quality according to tide in Masan Bay, Korea. The mixing regime of all the water quality components investigated was well explained through the correlation with SAL. In the early summer and summer, TURB, DSi and NNN which mainly flow into the bay from the streams and SS, COD, AMN and $H_2S$ which mainly indicate the internal sink and source materials have a property of conservative mixing and non-conservative mixing, respectively. The conservative mixing showed a good linear relationship of the water quality between high and low tide, and the non-conservative mixing showed a variation of different pattern each other. Factor analysis performed on the concentration difference data sets between high and low tide helped in identifying the principal latent variables for them. In early summer, multiple effects (tidal action, natural influx and internal sinks and sources etc.) acted in combination for the differences to be distributed evenly in four factors (VF1~4), since there were few allochthonous inputs as a low-water season. On the contrary, in summer, the parameters showing large concentration difference at ST-1 affected by stream water were concentrated in one factor (VF1) and clearly distinguished from the parameters affected by the internal sinks and sources. In fact, there is no estuary (bay) that always maintains steady state flow conditions. The mixing regime of an estuary might be changed at any time due to the change of flushing time, and furthermore the change of end-member conditions due to the internal sinks and sources makes the occurrence of concentration difference inevitable. Therefore, when investigating the water quality of the estuary, it is necessary to take a sampling method considering the tide to obtain average water quality data.

조석에 따른 마산만의 수질의 차이를 파악하기 위하여 2016년 초여름(6월)과 여름(7, 8월)의 대조기 1 조석주기 내의 만조와 간조시에 6개의 조사정점에서 slack-tide sampling을 실시하였다. 조사된 모든 수질성분들의 혼합 상태는 SAL과의 사이의 상관관계를 통하여 잘 설명되고 있다. 초여름과 여름철 공통적으로 하천수 유입 물질인 TURB, DSi, NNN은 주로 보존성 혼합을, 내부증감 물질인 SS, COD, AMN, $H_2S$는 주로 비보존성 혼합을 나타내었다. 보존성 혼합은 만조와 간조의 수질 사이에 좋은 선형 관계를 나타내었고, 비보존성 혼합은 양자가 각기 다른 변동 양상을 나타내었다. 요인분석을 통하여 만조와 간조의 농도차의 시공간적 변화에 주요한 잠재변수들을 확인할 수 있었다. 초여름의 경우는 갈수기로서 외부유입 물질(allochthonous inputs)이 적으므로 농도차 변화에 주도적으로 영향을 미치는 오염원이 없이 조석, 유역으로부터 자연유입, 내부증감 등의 영향이 복합적으로 작용하여 4개의 요인(VF1~4)에 고루 분포되어 나타났다. 반면에 여름철의 경우는 하천수의 영향을 받는 ST-1에서 큰 농도차를 나타내는 지표들은 VF1 요인에 집중적으로 포함되어 나타났고, 그 밖에 내부 증감을 나타내는 지표들로 극명히 구분되어 나타났다. 실제로 항상 안정된 상태의 하구는 존재하지 않는다. Flushing time의 변화 등에 의하여 혼합양상은 항상 변할 수 있고, 여기에 내부증감으로 end-members의 조건이 변함에 따라 농도차의 발생은 불가피하다. 그러므로 하구의 수질을 조사할 때 평균적인 수질 자료를 확보하기 위한 시료 채취 방법을 항상 강구할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Sampling sites in Masan bay.

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Fig. 2. Daily precipitations around the area of Masan bay in 5~8, 2016.

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Fig. 3. Seasonal and spatial distribution of parameter.

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Fig. 4. Scree plot of the eigenvalues of principal components in ESH-ESL(a), SMH-SML(b) data sets.

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Fig. 5. Component loadings for the first component(PC1) and the second component(PC2) in ESH-ESL(a and b), first component(PC1)and the second component(PC2) in SMH-SML(c and d) data sets.

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Fig. 6. Scatter plot of loadings for the four VFs of ESH-ESL(a and b) and SMH-SML(c and d).

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Fig. 7. Scatter plot of scores for the four VFs of SPH-SPL(a and b) and SMH-SML(c and d).

Table 1. GPS coordinates of sampling sites

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Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficients between SAL and parameters

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Table 3. Rotated factor correlation coefficients for the water quality differences between high tide and low tide in ESH-ESL and SMH-SML

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Table 4. Most important water quality parameters for the water quality differences between high tide and low tide in ESH-ESL and SMH-SML

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